Added a math library for architectures with none. Not integrated yet.

git-svn-id: http://picoc.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@301 21eae674-98b7-11dd-bd71-f92a316d2d60
This commit is contained in:
zik.saleeba 2009-05-28 02:54:23 +00:00
parent ec303bd4bc
commit a99af94f38
83 changed files with 9129 additions and 0 deletions

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/* @(#)e_acos.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* __ieee754_acos(x)
* Method :
* acos(x) = pi/2 - asin(x)
* acos(-x) = pi/2 + asin(x)
* For |x|<=0.5
* acos(x) = pi/2 - (x + x*x^2*R(x^2)) (see asin.c)
* For x>0.5
* acos(x) = pi/2 - (pi/2 - 2asin(sqrt((1-x)/2)))
* = 2asin(sqrt((1-x)/2))
* = 2s + 2s*z*R(z) ...z=(1-x)/2, s=sqrt(z)
* = 2f + (2c + 2s*z*R(z))
* where f=hi part of s, and c = (z-f*f)/(s+f) is the correction term
* for f so that f+c ~ sqrt(z).
* For x<-0.5
* acos(x) = pi - 2asin(sqrt((1-|x|)/2))
* = pi - 0.5*(s+s*z*R(z)), where z=(1-|x|)/2,s=sqrt(z)
*
* Special cases:
* if x is NaN, return x itself;
* if |x|>1, return NaN with invalid signal.
*
* Function needed: sqrt
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
one= 1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000 */
pi = 3.14159265358979311600e+00, /* 0x400921FB, 0x54442D18 */
pio2_hi = 1.57079632679489655800e+00, /* 0x3FF921FB, 0x54442D18 */
pio2_lo = 6.12323399573676603587e-17, /* 0x3C91A626, 0x33145C07 */
pS0 = 1.66666666666666657415e-01, /* 0x3FC55555, 0x55555555 */
pS1 = -3.25565818622400915405e-01, /* 0xBFD4D612, 0x03EB6F7D */
pS2 = 2.01212532134862925881e-01, /* 0x3FC9C155, 0x0E884455 */
pS3 = -4.00555345006794114027e-02, /* 0xBFA48228, 0xB5688F3B */
pS4 = 7.91534994289814532176e-04, /* 0x3F49EFE0, 0x7501B288 */
pS5 = 3.47933107596021167570e-05, /* 0x3F023DE1, 0x0DFDF709 */
qS1 = -2.40339491173441421878e+00, /* 0xC0033A27, 0x1C8A2D4B */
qS2 = 2.02094576023350569471e+00, /* 0x40002AE5, 0x9C598AC8 */
qS3 = -6.88283971605453293030e-01, /* 0xBFE6066C, 0x1B8D0159 */
qS4 = 7.70381505559019352791e-02; /* 0x3FB3B8C5, 0xB12E9282 */
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_acos(double x)
#else
double __ieee754_acos(x)
double x;
#endif
{
double z,p,q,r,w,s,c,df;
int hx,ix;
hx = __HI(x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x3ff00000) { /* |x| >= 1 */
if(((ix-0x3ff00000)|__LO(x))==0) { /* |x|==1 */
if(hx>0) return 0.0; /* acos(1) = 0 */
else return pi+2.0*pio2_lo; /* acos(-1)= pi */
}
return (x-x)/(x-x); /* acos(|x|>1) is NaN */
}
if(ix<0x3fe00000) { /* |x| < 0.5 */
if(ix<=0x3c600000) return pio2_hi+pio2_lo;/*if|x|<2**-57*/
z = x*x;
p = z*(pS0+z*(pS1+z*(pS2+z*(pS3+z*(pS4+z*pS5)))));
q = one+z*(qS1+z*(qS2+z*(qS3+z*qS4)));
r = p/q;
return pio2_hi - (x - (pio2_lo-x*r));
} else if (hx<0) { /* x < -0.5 */
z = (one+x)*0.5;
p = z*(pS0+z*(pS1+z*(pS2+z*(pS3+z*(pS4+z*pS5)))));
q = one+z*(qS1+z*(qS2+z*(qS3+z*qS4)));
s = sqrt(z);
r = p/q;
w = r*s-pio2_lo;
return pi - 2.0*(s+w);
} else { /* x > 0.5 */
z = (one-x)*0.5;
s = sqrt(z);
df = s;
__LO(df) = 0;
c = (z-df*df)/(s+df);
p = z*(pS0+z*(pS1+z*(pS2+z*(pS3+z*(pS4+z*pS5)))));
q = one+z*(qS1+z*(qS2+z*(qS3+z*qS4)));
r = p/q;
w = r*s+c;
return 2.0*(df+w);
}
}

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/* @(#)e_acosh.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
*/
/* __ieee754_acosh(x)
* Method :
* Based on
* acosh(x) = log [ x + sqrt(x*x-1) ]
* we have
* acosh(x) := log(x)+ln2, if x is large; else
* acosh(x) := log(2x-1/(sqrt(x*x-1)+x)) if x>2; else
* acosh(x) := log1p(t+sqrt(2.0*t+t*t)); where t=x-1.
*
* Special cases:
* acosh(x) is NaN with signal if x<1.
* acosh(NaN) is NaN without signal.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
one = 1.0,
ln2 = 6.93147180559945286227e-01; /* 0x3FE62E42, 0xFEFA39EF */
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_acosh(double x)
#else
double __ieee754_acosh(x)
double x;
#endif
{
double t;
int hx;
hx = __HI(x);
if(hx<0x3ff00000) { /* x < 1 */
return (x-x)/(x-x);
} else if(hx >=0x41b00000) { /* x > 2**28 */
if(hx >=0x7ff00000) { /* x is inf of NaN */
return x+x;
} else
return __ieee754_log(x)+ln2; /* acosh(huge)=log(2x) */
} else if(((hx-0x3ff00000)|__LO(x))==0) {
return 0.0; /* acosh(1) = 0 */
} else if (hx > 0x40000000) { /* 2**28 > x > 2 */
t=x*x;
return __ieee754_log(2.0*x-one/(x+sqrt(t-one)));
} else { /* 1<x<2 */
t = x-one;
return log1p(t+sqrt(2.0*t+t*t));
}
}

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/* @(#)e_asin.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* __ieee754_asin(x)
* Method :
* Since asin(x) = x + x^3/6 + x^5*3/40 + x^7*15/336 + ...
* we approximate asin(x) on [0,0.5] by
* asin(x) = x + x*x^2*R(x^2)
* where
* R(x^2) is a rational approximation of (asin(x)-x)/x^3
* and its remez error is bounded by
* |(asin(x)-x)/x^3 - R(x^2)| < 2^(-58.75)
*
* For x in [0.5,1]
* asin(x) = pi/2-2*asin(sqrt((1-x)/2))
* Let y = (1-x), z = y/2, s := sqrt(z), and pio2_hi+pio2_lo=pi/2;
* then for x>0.98
* asin(x) = pi/2 - 2*(s+s*z*R(z))
* = pio2_hi - (2*(s+s*z*R(z)) - pio2_lo)
* For x<=0.98, let pio4_hi = pio2_hi/2, then
* f = hi part of s;
* c = sqrt(z) - f = (z-f*f)/(s+f) ...f+c=sqrt(z)
* and
* asin(x) = pi/2 - 2*(s+s*z*R(z))
* = pio4_hi+(pio4-2s)-(2s*z*R(z)-pio2_lo)
* = pio4_hi+(pio4-2f)-(2s*z*R(z)-(pio2_lo+2c))
*
* Special cases:
* if x is NaN, return x itself;
* if |x|>1, return NaN with invalid signal.
*
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
one = 1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000 */
huge = 1.000e+300,
pio2_hi = 1.57079632679489655800e+00, /* 0x3FF921FB, 0x54442D18 */
pio2_lo = 6.12323399573676603587e-17, /* 0x3C91A626, 0x33145C07 */
pio4_hi = 7.85398163397448278999e-01, /* 0x3FE921FB, 0x54442D18 */
/* coefficient for R(x^2) */
pS0 = 1.66666666666666657415e-01, /* 0x3FC55555, 0x55555555 */
pS1 = -3.25565818622400915405e-01, /* 0xBFD4D612, 0x03EB6F7D */
pS2 = 2.01212532134862925881e-01, /* 0x3FC9C155, 0x0E884455 */
pS3 = -4.00555345006794114027e-02, /* 0xBFA48228, 0xB5688F3B */
pS4 = 7.91534994289814532176e-04, /* 0x3F49EFE0, 0x7501B288 */
pS5 = 3.47933107596021167570e-05, /* 0x3F023DE1, 0x0DFDF709 */
qS1 = -2.40339491173441421878e+00, /* 0xC0033A27, 0x1C8A2D4B */
qS2 = 2.02094576023350569471e+00, /* 0x40002AE5, 0x9C598AC8 */
qS3 = -6.88283971605453293030e-01, /* 0xBFE6066C, 0x1B8D0159 */
qS4 = 7.70381505559019352791e-02; /* 0x3FB3B8C5, 0xB12E9282 */
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_asin(double x)
#else
double __ieee754_asin(x)
double x;
#endif
{
double t,w,p,q,c,r,s;
int hx,ix;
hx = __HI(x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>= 0x3ff00000) { /* |x|>= 1 */
if(((ix-0x3ff00000)|__LO(x))==0)
/* asin(1)=+-pi/2 with inexact */
return x*pio2_hi+x*pio2_lo;
return (x-x)/(x-x); /* asin(|x|>1) is NaN */
} else if (ix<0x3fe00000) { /* |x|<0.5 */
if(ix<0x3e400000) { /* if |x| < 2**-27 */
if(huge+x>one) return x;/* return x with inexact if x!=0*/
} else
t = x*x;
p = t*(pS0+t*(pS1+t*(pS2+t*(pS3+t*(pS4+t*pS5)))));
q = one+t*(qS1+t*(qS2+t*(qS3+t*qS4)));
w = p/q;
return x+x*w;
}
/* 1> |x|>= 0.5 */
w = one-fabs(x);
t = w*0.5;
p = t*(pS0+t*(pS1+t*(pS2+t*(pS3+t*(pS4+t*pS5)))));
q = one+t*(qS1+t*(qS2+t*(qS3+t*qS4)));
s = sqrt(t);
if(ix>=0x3FEF3333) { /* if |x| > 0.975 */
w = p/q;
t = pio2_hi-(2.0*(s+s*w)-pio2_lo);
} else {
w = s;
__LO(w) = 0;
c = (t-w*w)/(s+w);
r = p/q;
p = 2.0*s*r-(pio2_lo-2.0*c);
q = pio4_hi-2.0*w;
t = pio4_hi-(p-q);
}
if(hx>0) return t; else return -t;
}

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/* @(#)e_atan2.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
*/
/* __ieee754_atan2(y,x)
* Method :
* 1. Reduce y to positive by atan2(y,x)=-atan2(-y,x).
* 2. Reduce x to positive by (if x and y are unexceptional):
* ARG (x+iy) = arctan(y/x) ... if x > 0,
* ARG (x+iy) = pi - arctan[y/(-x)] ... if x < 0,
*
* Special cases:
*
* ATAN2((anything), NaN ) is NaN;
* ATAN2(NAN , (anything) ) is NaN;
* ATAN2(+-0, +(anything but NaN)) is +-0 ;
* ATAN2(+-0, -(anything but NaN)) is +-pi ;
* ATAN2(+-(anything but 0 and NaN), 0) is +-pi/2;
* ATAN2(+-(anything but INF and NaN), +INF) is +-0 ;
* ATAN2(+-(anything but INF and NaN), -INF) is +-pi;
* ATAN2(+-INF,+INF ) is +-pi/4 ;
* ATAN2(+-INF,-INF ) is +-3pi/4;
* ATAN2(+-INF, (anything but,0,NaN, and INF)) is +-pi/2;
*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following
* constants. The decimal values may be used, provided that the
* compiler will convert from decimal to binary accurately enough
* to produce the hexadecimal values shown.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
tiny = 1.0e-300,
zero = 0.0,
pi_o_4 = 7.8539816339744827900E-01, /* 0x3FE921FB, 0x54442D18 */
pi_o_2 = 1.5707963267948965580E+00, /* 0x3FF921FB, 0x54442D18 */
pi = 3.1415926535897931160E+00, /* 0x400921FB, 0x54442D18 */
pi_lo = 1.2246467991473531772E-16; /* 0x3CA1A626, 0x33145C07 */
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_atan2(double y, double x)
#else
double __ieee754_atan2(y,x)
double y,x;
#endif
{
double z;
int k,m,hx,hy,ix,iy;
unsigned lx,ly;
hx = __HI(x); ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
lx = __LO(x);
hy = __HI(y); iy = hy&0x7fffffff;
ly = __LO(y);
if(((ix|((lx|-lx)>>31))>0x7ff00000)||
((iy|((ly|-ly)>>31))>0x7ff00000)) /* x or y is NaN */
return x+y;
if((hx-0x3ff00000|lx)==0) return atan(y); /* x=1.0 */
m = ((hy>>31)&1)|((hx>>30)&2); /* 2*sign(x)+sign(y) */
/* when y = 0 */
if((iy|ly)==0) {
switch(m) {
case 0:
case 1: return y; /* atan(+-0,+anything)=+-0 */
case 2: return pi+tiny;/* atan(+0,-anything) = pi */
case 3: return -pi-tiny;/* atan(-0,-anything) =-pi */
}
}
/* when x = 0 */
if((ix|lx)==0) return (hy<0)? -pi_o_2-tiny: pi_o_2+tiny;
/* when x is INF */
if(ix==0x7ff00000) {
if(iy==0x7ff00000) {
switch(m) {
case 0: return pi_o_4+tiny;/* atan(+INF,+INF) */
case 1: return -pi_o_4-tiny;/* atan(-INF,+INF) */
case 2: return 3.0*pi_o_4+tiny;/*atan(+INF,-INF)*/
case 3: return -3.0*pi_o_4-tiny;/*atan(-INF,-INF)*/
}
} else {
switch(m) {
case 0: return zero ; /* atan(+...,+INF) */
case 1: return -zero ; /* atan(-...,+INF) */
case 2: return pi+tiny ; /* atan(+...,-INF) */
case 3: return -pi-tiny ; /* atan(-...,-INF) */
}
}
}
/* when y is INF */
if(iy==0x7ff00000) return (hy<0)? -pi_o_2-tiny: pi_o_2+tiny;
/* compute y/x */
k = (iy-ix)>>20;
if(k > 60) z=pi_o_2+0.5*pi_lo; /* |y/x| > 2**60 */
else if(hx<0&&k<-60) z=0.0; /* |y|/x < -2**60 */
else z=atan(fabs(y/x)); /* safe to do y/x */
switch (m) {
case 0: return z ; /* atan(+,+) */
case 1: __HI(z) ^= 0x80000000;
return z ; /* atan(-,+) */
case 2: return pi-(z-pi_lo);/* atan(+,-) */
default: /* case 3 */
return (z-pi_lo)-pi;/* atan(-,-) */
}
}

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/* @(#)e_atanh.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
*/
/* __ieee754_atanh(x)
* Method :
* 1.Reduced x to positive by atanh(-x) = -atanh(x)
* 2.For x>=0.5
* 1 2x x
* atanh(x) = --- * log(1 + -------) = 0.5 * log1p(2 * --------)
* 2 1 - x 1 - x
*
* For x<0.5
* atanh(x) = 0.5*log1p(2x+2x*x/(1-x))
*
* Special cases:
* atanh(x) is NaN if |x| > 1 with signal;
* atanh(NaN) is that NaN with no signal;
* atanh(+-1) is +-INF with signal.
*
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double one = 1.0, huge = 1e300;
#else
static double one = 1.0, huge = 1e300;
#endif
static double zero = 0.0;
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_atanh(double x)
#else
double __ieee754_atanh(x)
double x;
#endif
{
double t;
int hx,ix;
unsigned lx;
hx = __HI(x); /* high word */
lx = __LO(x); /* low word */
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if ((ix|((lx|(-lx))>>31))>0x3ff00000) /* |x|>1 */
return (x-x)/(x-x);
if(ix==0x3ff00000)
return x/zero;
if(ix<0x3e300000&&(huge+x)>zero) return x; /* x<2**-28 */
__HI(x) = ix; /* x <- |x| */
if(ix<0x3fe00000) { /* x < 0.5 */
t = x+x;
t = 0.5*log1p(t+t*x/(one-x));
} else
t = 0.5*log1p((x+x)/(one-x));
if(hx>=0) return t; else return -t;
}

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/* @(#)e_cosh.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* __ieee754_cosh(x)
* Method :
* mathematically cosh(x) if defined to be (exp(x)+exp(-x))/2
* 1. Replace x by |x| (cosh(x) = cosh(-x)).
* 2.
* [ exp(x) - 1 ]^2
* 0 <= x <= ln2/2 : cosh(x) := 1 + -------------------
* 2*exp(x)
*
* exp(x) + 1/exp(x)
* ln2/2 <= x <= 22 : cosh(x) := -------------------
* 2
* 22 <= x <= lnovft : cosh(x) := exp(x)/2
* lnovft <= x <= ln2ovft: cosh(x) := exp(x/2)/2 * exp(x/2)
* ln2ovft < x : cosh(x) := huge*huge (overflow)
*
* Special cases:
* cosh(x) is |x| if x is +INF, -INF, or NaN.
* only cosh(0)=1 is exact for finite x.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double one = 1.0, half=0.5, huge = 1.0e300;
#else
static double one = 1.0, half=0.5, huge = 1.0e300;
#endif
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_cosh(double x)
#else
double __ieee754_cosh(x)
double x;
#endif
{
double t,w;
int ix;
unsigned lx;
/* High word of |x|. */
ix = __HI(x);
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
/* x is INF or NaN */
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) return x*x;
/* |x| in [0,0.5*ln2], return 1+expm1(|x|)^2/(2*exp(|x|)) */
if(ix<0x3fd62e43) {
t = expm1(fabs(x));
w = one+t;
if (ix<0x3c800000) return w; /* cosh(tiny) = 1 */
return one+(t*t)/(w+w);
}
/* |x| in [0.5*ln2,22], return (exp(|x|)+1/exp(|x|)/2; */
if (ix < 0x40360000) {
t = __ieee754_exp(fabs(x));
return half*t+half/t;
}
/* |x| in [22, log(maxdouble)] return half*exp(|x|) */
if (ix < 0x40862E42) return half*__ieee754_exp(fabs(x));
/* |x| in [log(maxdouble), overflowthresold] */
lx = *( (((*(unsigned*)&one)>>29)) + (unsigned*)&x);
if (ix<0x408633CE ||
(ix==0x408633ce)&&(lx<=(unsigned)0x8fb9f87d)) {
w = __ieee754_exp(half*fabs(x));
t = half*w;
return t*w;
}
/* |x| > overflowthresold, cosh(x) overflow */
return huge*huge;
}

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/* @(#)e_exp.c 1.6 04/04/22 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 2004 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* __ieee754_exp(x)
* Returns the exponential of x.
*
* Method
* 1. Argument reduction:
* Reduce x to an r so that |r| <= 0.5*ln2 ~ 0.34658.
* Given x, find r and integer k such that
*
* x = k*ln2 + r, |r| <= 0.5*ln2.
*
* Here r will be represented as r = hi-lo for better
* accuracy.
*
* 2. Approximation of exp(r) by a special rational function on
* the interval [0,0.34658]:
* Write
* R(r**2) = r*(exp(r)+1)/(exp(r)-1) = 2 + r*r/6 - r**4/360 + ...
* We use a special Remes algorithm on [0,0.34658] to generate
* a polynomial of degree 5 to approximate R. The maximum error
* of this polynomial approximation is bounded by 2**-59. In
* other words,
* R(z) ~ 2.0 + P1*z + P2*z**2 + P3*z**3 + P4*z**4 + P5*z**5
* (where z=r*r, and the values of P1 to P5 are listed below)
* and
* | 5 | -59
* | 2.0+P1*z+...+P5*z - R(z) | <= 2
* | |
* The computation of exp(r) thus becomes
* 2*r
* exp(r) = 1 + -------
* R - r
* r*R1(r)
* = 1 + r + ----------- (for better accuracy)
* 2 - R1(r)
* where
* 2 4 10
* R1(r) = r - (P1*r + P2*r + ... + P5*r ).
*
* 3. Scale back to obtain exp(x):
* From step 1, we have
* exp(x) = 2^k * exp(r)
*
* Special cases:
* exp(INF) is INF, exp(NaN) is NaN;
* exp(-INF) is 0, and
* for finite argument, only exp(0)=1 is exact.
*
* Accuracy:
* according to an error analysis, the error is always less than
* 1 ulp (unit in the last place).
*
* Misc. info.
* For IEEE double
* if x > 7.09782712893383973096e+02 then exp(x) overflow
* if x < -7.45133219101941108420e+02 then exp(x) underflow
*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following
* constants. The decimal values may be used, provided that the
* compiler will convert from decimal to binary accurately enough
* to produce the hexadecimal values shown.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
one = 1.0,
halF[2] = {0.5,-0.5,},
huge = 1.0e+300,
twom1000= 9.33263618503218878990e-302, /* 2**-1000=0x01700000,0*/
o_threshold= 7.09782712893383973096e+02, /* 0x40862E42, 0xFEFA39EF */
u_threshold= -7.45133219101941108420e+02, /* 0xc0874910, 0xD52D3051 */
ln2HI[2] ={ 6.93147180369123816490e-01, /* 0x3fe62e42, 0xfee00000 */
-6.93147180369123816490e-01,},/* 0xbfe62e42, 0xfee00000 */
ln2LO[2] ={ 1.90821492927058770002e-10, /* 0x3dea39ef, 0x35793c76 */
-1.90821492927058770002e-10,},/* 0xbdea39ef, 0x35793c76 */
invln2 = 1.44269504088896338700e+00, /* 0x3ff71547, 0x652b82fe */
P1 = 1.66666666666666019037e-01, /* 0x3FC55555, 0x5555553E */
P2 = -2.77777777770155933842e-03, /* 0xBF66C16C, 0x16BEBD93 */
P3 = 6.61375632143793436117e-05, /* 0x3F11566A, 0xAF25DE2C */
P4 = -1.65339022054652515390e-06, /* 0xBEBBBD41, 0xC5D26BF1 */
P5 = 4.13813679705723846039e-08; /* 0x3E663769, 0x72BEA4D0 */
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_exp(double x) /* default IEEE double exp */
#else
double __ieee754_exp(x) /* default IEEE double exp */
double x;
#endif
{
double y,hi,lo,c,t;
int k,xsb;
unsigned hx;
hx = __HI(x); /* high word of x */
xsb = (hx>>31)&1; /* sign bit of x */
hx &= 0x7fffffff; /* high word of |x| */
/* filter out non-finite argument */
if(hx >= 0x40862E42) { /* if |x|>=709.78... */
if(hx>=0x7ff00000) {
if(((hx&0xfffff)|__LO(x))!=0)
return x+x; /* NaN */
else return (xsb==0)? x:0.0; /* exp(+-inf)={inf,0} */
}
if(x > o_threshold) return huge*huge; /* overflow */
if(x < u_threshold) return twom1000*twom1000; /* underflow */
}
/* argument reduction */
if(hx > 0x3fd62e42) { /* if |x| > 0.5 ln2 */
if(hx < 0x3FF0A2B2) { /* and |x| < 1.5 ln2 */
hi = x-ln2HI[xsb]; lo=ln2LO[xsb]; k = 1-xsb-xsb;
} else {
k = (int)(invln2*x+halF[xsb]);
t = k;
hi = x - t*ln2HI[0]; /* t*ln2HI is exact here */
lo = t*ln2LO[0];
}
x = hi - lo;
}
else if(hx < 0x3e300000) { /* when |x|<2**-28 */
if(huge+x>one) return one+x;/* trigger inexact */
}
else k = 0;
/* x is now in primary range */
t = x*x;
c = x - t*(P1+t*(P2+t*(P3+t*(P4+t*P5))));
if(k==0) return one-((x*c)/(c-2.0)-x);
else y = one-((lo-(x*c)/(2.0-c))-hi);
if(k >= -1021) {
__HI(y) += (k<<20); /* add k to y's exponent */
return y;
} else {
__HI(y) += ((k+1000)<<20);/* add k to y's exponent */
return y*twom1000;
}
}

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/* @(#)e_fmod.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* __ieee754_fmod(x,y)
* Return x mod y in exact arithmetic
* Method: shift and subtract
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double one = 1.0, Zero[] = {0.0, -0.0,};
#else
static double one = 1.0, Zero[] = {0.0, -0.0,};
#endif
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_fmod(double x, double y)
#else
double __ieee754_fmod(x,y)
double x,y ;
#endif
{
int n,hx,hy,hz,ix,iy,sx,i;
unsigned lx,ly,lz;
hx = __HI(x); /* high word of x */
lx = __LO(x); /* low word of x */
hy = __HI(y); /* high word of y */
ly = __LO(y); /* low word of y */
sx = hx&0x80000000; /* sign of x */
hx ^=sx; /* |x| */
hy &= 0x7fffffff; /* |y| */
/* purge off exception values */
if((hy|ly)==0||(hx>=0x7ff00000)|| /* y=0,or x not finite */
((hy|((ly|-ly)>>31))>0x7ff00000)) /* or y is NaN */
return (x*y)/(x*y);
if(hx<=hy) {
if((hx<hy)||(lx<ly)) return x; /* |x|<|y| return x */
if(lx==ly)
return Zero[(unsigned)sx>>31]; /* |x|=|y| return x*0*/
}
/* determine ix = ilogb(x) */
if(hx<0x00100000) { /* subnormal x */
if(hx==0) {
for (ix = -1043, i=lx; i>0; i<<=1) ix -=1;
} else {
for (ix = -1022,i=(hx<<11); i>0; i<<=1) ix -=1;
}
} else ix = (hx>>20)-1023;
/* determine iy = ilogb(y) */
if(hy<0x00100000) { /* subnormal y */
if(hy==0) {
for (iy = -1043, i=ly; i>0; i<<=1) iy -=1;
} else {
for (iy = -1022,i=(hy<<11); i>0; i<<=1) iy -=1;
}
} else iy = (hy>>20)-1023;
/* set up {hx,lx}, {hy,ly} and align y to x */
if(ix >= -1022)
hx = 0x00100000|(0x000fffff&hx);
else { /* subnormal x, shift x to normal */
n = -1022-ix;
if(n<=31) {
hx = (hx<<n)|(lx>>(32-n));
lx <<= n;
} else {
hx = lx<<(n-32);
lx = 0;
}
}
if(iy >= -1022)
hy = 0x00100000|(0x000fffff&hy);
else { /* subnormal y, shift y to normal */
n = -1022-iy;
if(n<=31) {
hy = (hy<<n)|(ly>>(32-n));
ly <<= n;
} else {
hy = ly<<(n-32);
ly = 0;
}
}
/* fix point fmod */
n = ix - iy;
while(n--) {
hz=hx-hy;lz=lx-ly; if(lx<ly) hz -= 1;
if(hz<0){hx = hx+hx+(lx>>31); lx = lx+lx;}
else {
if((hz|lz)==0) /* return sign(x)*0 */
return Zero[(unsigned)sx>>31];
hx = hz+hz+(lz>>31); lx = lz+lz;
}
}
hz=hx-hy;lz=lx-ly; if(lx<ly) hz -= 1;
if(hz>=0) {hx=hz;lx=lz;}
/* convert back to floating value and restore the sign */
if((hx|lx)==0) /* return sign(x)*0 */
return Zero[(unsigned)sx>>31];
while(hx<0x00100000) { /* normalize x */
hx = hx+hx+(lx>>31); lx = lx+lx;
iy -= 1;
}
if(iy>= -1022) { /* normalize output */
hx = ((hx-0x00100000)|((iy+1023)<<20));
__HI(x) = hx|sx;
__LO(x) = lx;
} else { /* subnormal output */
n = -1022 - iy;
if(n<=20) {
lx = (lx>>n)|((unsigned)hx<<(32-n));
hx >>= n;
} else if (n<=31) {
lx = (hx<<(32-n))|(lx>>n); hx = sx;
} else {
lx = hx>>(n-32); hx = sx;
}
__HI(x) = hx|sx;
__LO(x) = lx;
x *= one; /* create necessary signal */
}
return x; /* exact output */
}

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/* @(#)e_gamma.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
*/
/* __ieee754_gamma(x)
* Return the logarithm of the Gamma function of x.
*
* Method: call __ieee754_gamma_r
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
extern int signgam;
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_gamma(double x)
#else
double __ieee754_gamma(x)
double x;
#endif
{
return __ieee754_gamma_r(x,&signgam);
}

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/* @(#)e_gamma_r.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
*/
/* __ieee754_gamma_r(x, signgamp)
* Reentrant version of the logarithm of the Gamma function
* with user provide pointer for the sign of Gamma(x).
*
* Method: See __ieee754_lgamma_r
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_gamma_r(double x, int *signgamp)
#else
double __ieee754_gamma_r(x,signgamp)
double x; int *signgamp;
#endif
{
return __ieee754_lgamma_r(x,signgamp);
}

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/* @(#)e_hypot.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* __ieee754_hypot(x,y)
*
* Method :
* If (assume round-to-nearest) z=x*x+y*y
* has error less than sqrt(2)/2 ulp, than
* sqrt(z) has error less than 1 ulp (exercise).
*
* So, compute sqrt(x*x+y*y) with some care as
* follows to get the error below 1 ulp:
*
* Assume x>y>0;
* (if possible, set rounding to round-to-nearest)
* 1. if x > 2y use
* x1*x1+(y*y+(x2*(x+x1))) for x*x+y*y
* where x1 = x with lower 32 bits cleared, x2 = x-x1; else
* 2. if x <= 2y use
* t1*y1+((x-y)*(x-y)+(t1*y2+t2*y))
* where t1 = 2x with lower 32 bits cleared, t2 = 2x-t1,
* y1= y with lower 32 bits chopped, y2 = y-y1.
*
* NOTE: scaling may be necessary if some argument is too
* large or too tiny
*
* Special cases:
* hypot(x,y) is INF if x or y is +INF or -INF; else
* hypot(x,y) is NAN if x or y is NAN.
*
* Accuracy:
* hypot(x,y) returns sqrt(x^2+y^2) with error less
* than 1 ulps (units in the last place)
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_hypot(double x, double y)
#else
double __ieee754_hypot(x,y)
double x, y;
#endif
{
double a=x,b=y,t1,t2,y1,y2,w;
int j,k,ha,hb;
ha = __HI(x)&0x7fffffff; /* high word of x */
hb = __HI(y)&0x7fffffff; /* high word of y */
if(hb > ha) {a=y;b=x;j=ha; ha=hb;hb=j;} else {a=x;b=y;}
__HI(a) = ha; /* a <- |a| */
__HI(b) = hb; /* b <- |b| */
if((ha-hb)>0x3c00000) {return a+b;} /* x/y > 2**60 */
k=0;
if(ha > 0x5f300000) { /* a>2**500 */
if(ha >= 0x7ff00000) { /* Inf or NaN */
w = a+b; /* for sNaN */
if(((ha&0xfffff)|__LO(a))==0) w = a;
if(((hb^0x7ff00000)|__LO(b))==0) w = b;
return w;
}
/* scale a and b by 2**-600 */
ha -= 0x25800000; hb -= 0x25800000; k += 600;
__HI(a) = ha;
__HI(b) = hb;
}
if(hb < 0x20b00000) { /* b < 2**-500 */
if(hb <= 0x000fffff) { /* subnormal b or 0 */
if((hb|(__LO(b)))==0) return a;
t1=0;
__HI(t1) = 0x7fd00000; /* t1=2^1022 */
b *= t1;
a *= t1;
k -= 1022;
} else { /* scale a and b by 2^600 */
ha += 0x25800000; /* a *= 2^600 */
hb += 0x25800000; /* b *= 2^600 */
k -= 600;
__HI(a) = ha;
__HI(b) = hb;
}
}
/* medium size a and b */
w = a-b;
if (w>b) {
t1 = 0;
__HI(t1) = ha;
t2 = a-t1;
w = sqrt(t1*t1-(b*(-b)-t2*(a+t1)));
} else {
a = a+a;
y1 = 0;
__HI(y1) = hb;
y2 = b - y1;
t1 = 0;
__HI(t1) = ha+0x00100000;
t2 = a - t1;
w = sqrt(t1*y1-(w*(-w)-(t1*y2+t2*b)));
}
if(k!=0) {
t1 = 1.0;
__HI(t1) += (k<<20);
return t1*w;
} else return w;
}

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/* @(#)e_j0.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* __ieee754_j0(x), __ieee754_y0(x)
* Bessel function of the first and second kinds of order zero.
* Method -- j0(x):
* 1. For tiny x, we use j0(x) = 1 - x^2/4 + x^4/64 - ...
* 2. Reduce x to |x| since j0(x)=j0(-x), and
* for x in (0,2)
* j0(x) = 1-z/4+ z^2*R0/S0, where z = x*x;
* (precision: |j0-1+z/4-z^2R0/S0 |<2**-63.67 )
* for x in (2,inf)
* j0(x) = sqrt(2/(pi*x))*(p0(x)*cos(x0)-q0(x)*sin(x0))
* where x0 = x-pi/4. It is better to compute sin(x0),cos(x0)
* as follow:
* cos(x0) = cos(x)cos(pi/4)+sin(x)sin(pi/4)
* = 1/sqrt(2) * (cos(x) + sin(x))
* sin(x0) = sin(x)cos(pi/4)-cos(x)sin(pi/4)
* = 1/sqrt(2) * (sin(x) - cos(x))
* (To avoid cancellation, use
* sin(x) +- cos(x) = -cos(2x)/(sin(x) -+ cos(x))
* to compute the worse one.)
*
* 3 Special cases
* j0(nan)= nan
* j0(0) = 1
* j0(inf) = 0
*
* Method -- y0(x):
* 1. For x<2.
* Since
* y0(x) = 2/pi*(j0(x)*(ln(x/2)+Euler) + x^2/4 - ...)
* therefore y0(x)-2/pi*j0(x)*ln(x) is an even function.
* We use the following function to approximate y0,
* y0(x) = U(z)/V(z) + (2/pi)*(j0(x)*ln(x)), z= x^2
* where
* U(z) = u00 + u01*z + ... + u06*z^6
* V(z) = 1 + v01*z + ... + v04*z^4
* with absolute approximation error bounded by 2**-72.
* Note: For tiny x, U/V = u0 and j0(x)~1, hence
* y0(tiny) = u0 + (2/pi)*ln(tiny), (choose tiny<2**-27)
* 2. For x>=2.
* y0(x) = sqrt(2/(pi*x))*(p0(x)*cos(x0)+q0(x)*sin(x0))
* where x0 = x-pi/4. It is better to compute sin(x0),cos(x0)
* by the method mentioned above.
* 3. Special cases: y0(0)=-inf, y0(x<0)=NaN, y0(inf)=0.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static double pzero(double), qzero(double);
#else
static double pzero(), qzero();
#endif
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
huge = 1e300,
one = 1.0,
invsqrtpi= 5.64189583547756279280e-01, /* 0x3FE20DD7, 0x50429B6D */
tpi = 6.36619772367581382433e-01, /* 0x3FE45F30, 0x6DC9C883 */
/* R0/S0 on [0, 2.00] */
R02 = 1.56249999999999947958e-02, /* 0x3F8FFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFD */
R03 = -1.89979294238854721751e-04, /* 0xBF28E6A5, 0xB61AC6E9 */
R04 = 1.82954049532700665670e-06, /* 0x3EBEB1D1, 0x0C503919 */
R05 = -4.61832688532103189199e-09, /* 0xBE33D5E7, 0x73D63FCE */
S01 = 1.56191029464890010492e-02, /* 0x3F8FFCE8, 0x82C8C2A4 */
S02 = 1.16926784663337450260e-04, /* 0x3F1EA6D2, 0xDD57DBF4 */
S03 = 5.13546550207318111446e-07, /* 0x3EA13B54, 0xCE84D5A9 */
S04 = 1.16614003333790000205e-09; /* 0x3E1408BC, 0xF4745D8F */
static double zero = 0.0;
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_j0(double x)
#else
double __ieee754_j0(x)
double x;
#endif
{
double z, s,c,ss,cc,r,u,v;
int hx,ix;
hx = __HI(x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) return one/(x*x);
x = fabs(x);
if(ix >= 0x40000000) { /* |x| >= 2.0 */
s = sin(x);
c = cos(x);
ss = s-c;
cc = s+c;
if(ix<0x7fe00000) { /* make sure x+x not overflow */
z = -cos(x+x);
if ((s*c)<zero) cc = z/ss;
else ss = z/cc;
}
/*
* j0(x) = 1/sqrt(pi) * (P(0,x)*cc - Q(0,x)*ss) / sqrt(x)
* y0(x) = 1/sqrt(pi) * (P(0,x)*ss + Q(0,x)*cc) / sqrt(x)
*/
if(ix>0x48000000) z = (invsqrtpi*cc)/sqrt(x);
else {
u = pzero(x); v = qzero(x);
z = invsqrtpi*(u*cc-v*ss)/sqrt(x);
}
return z;
}
if(ix<0x3f200000) { /* |x| < 2**-13 */
if(huge+x>one) { /* raise inexact if x != 0 */
if(ix<0x3e400000) return one; /* |x|<2**-27 */
else return one - 0.25*x*x;
}
}
z = x*x;
r = z*(R02+z*(R03+z*(R04+z*R05)));
s = one+z*(S01+z*(S02+z*(S03+z*S04)));
if(ix < 0x3FF00000) { /* |x| < 1.00 */
return one + z*(-0.25+(r/s));
} else {
u = 0.5*x;
return((one+u)*(one-u)+z*(r/s));
}
}
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
u00 = -7.38042951086872317523e-02, /* 0xBFB2E4D6, 0x99CBD01F */
u01 = 1.76666452509181115538e-01, /* 0x3FC69D01, 0x9DE9E3FC */
u02 = -1.38185671945596898896e-02, /* 0xBF8C4CE8, 0xB16CFA97 */
u03 = 3.47453432093683650238e-04, /* 0x3F36C54D, 0x20B29B6B */
u04 = -3.81407053724364161125e-06, /* 0xBECFFEA7, 0x73D25CAD */
u05 = 1.95590137035022920206e-08, /* 0x3E550057, 0x3B4EABD4 */
u06 = -3.98205194132103398453e-11, /* 0xBDC5E43D, 0x693FB3C8 */
v01 = 1.27304834834123699328e-02, /* 0x3F8A1270, 0x91C9C71A */
v02 = 7.60068627350353253702e-05, /* 0x3F13ECBB, 0xF578C6C1 */
v03 = 2.59150851840457805467e-07, /* 0x3E91642D, 0x7FF202FD */
v04 = 4.41110311332675467403e-10; /* 0x3DFE5018, 0x3BD6D9EF */
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_y0(double x)
#else
double __ieee754_y0(x)
double x;
#endif
{
double z, s,c,ss,cc,u,v;
int hx,ix,lx;
hx = __HI(x);
ix = 0x7fffffff&hx;
lx = __LO(x);
/* Y0(NaN) is NaN, y0(-inf) is Nan, y0(inf) is 0 */
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) return one/(x+x*x);
if((ix|lx)==0) return -one/zero;
if(hx<0) return zero/zero;
if(ix >= 0x40000000) { /* |x| >= 2.0 */
/* y0(x) = sqrt(2/(pi*x))*(p0(x)*sin(x0)+q0(x)*cos(x0))
* where x0 = x-pi/4
* Better formula:
* cos(x0) = cos(x)cos(pi/4)+sin(x)sin(pi/4)
* = 1/sqrt(2) * (sin(x) + cos(x))
* sin(x0) = sin(x)cos(3pi/4)-cos(x)sin(3pi/4)
* = 1/sqrt(2) * (sin(x) - cos(x))
* To avoid cancellation, use
* sin(x) +- cos(x) = -cos(2x)/(sin(x) -+ cos(x))
* to compute the worse one.
*/
s = sin(x);
c = cos(x);
ss = s-c;
cc = s+c;
/*
* j0(x) = 1/sqrt(pi) * (P(0,x)*cc - Q(0,x)*ss) / sqrt(x)
* y0(x) = 1/sqrt(pi) * (P(0,x)*ss + Q(0,x)*cc) / sqrt(x)
*/
if(ix<0x7fe00000) { /* make sure x+x not overflow */
z = -cos(x+x);
if ((s*c)<zero) cc = z/ss;
else ss = z/cc;
}
if(ix>0x48000000) z = (invsqrtpi*ss)/sqrt(x);
else {
u = pzero(x); v = qzero(x);
z = invsqrtpi*(u*ss+v*cc)/sqrt(x);
}
return z;
}
if(ix<=0x3e400000) { /* x < 2**-27 */
return(u00 + tpi*__ieee754_log(x));
}
z = x*x;
u = u00+z*(u01+z*(u02+z*(u03+z*(u04+z*(u05+z*u06)))));
v = one+z*(v01+z*(v02+z*(v03+z*v04)));
return(u/v + tpi*(__ieee754_j0(x)*__ieee754_log(x)));
}
/* The asymptotic expansions of pzero is
* 1 - 9/128 s^2 + 11025/98304 s^4 - ..., where s = 1/x.
* For x >= 2, We approximate pzero by
* pzero(x) = 1 + (R/S)
* where R = pR0 + pR1*s^2 + pR2*s^4 + ... + pR5*s^10
* S = 1 + pS0*s^2 + ... + pS4*s^10
* and
* | pzero(x)-1-R/S | <= 2 ** ( -60.26)
*/
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double pR8[6] = { /* for x in [inf, 8]=1/[0,0.125] */
#else
static double pR8[6] = { /* for x in [inf, 8]=1/[0,0.125] */
#endif
0.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x00000000, 0x00000000 */
-7.03124999999900357484e-02, /* 0xBFB1FFFF, 0xFFFFFD32 */
-8.08167041275349795626e+00, /* 0xC02029D0, 0xB44FA779 */
-2.57063105679704847262e+02, /* 0xC0701102, 0x7B19E863 */
-2.48521641009428822144e+03, /* 0xC0A36A6E, 0xCD4DCAFC */
-5.25304380490729545272e+03, /* 0xC0B4850B, 0x36CC643D */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double pS8[5] = {
#else
static double pS8[5] = {
#endif
1.16534364619668181717e+02, /* 0x405D2233, 0x07A96751 */
3.83374475364121826715e+03, /* 0x40ADF37D, 0x50596938 */
4.05978572648472545552e+04, /* 0x40E3D2BB, 0x6EB6B05F */
1.16752972564375915681e+05, /* 0x40FC810F, 0x8F9FA9BD */
4.76277284146730962675e+04, /* 0x40E74177, 0x4F2C49DC */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double pR5[6] = { /* for x in [8,4.5454]=1/[0.125,0.22001] */
#else
static double pR5[6] = { /* for x in [8,4.5454]=1/[0.125,0.22001] */
#endif
-1.14125464691894502584e-11, /* 0xBDA918B1, 0x47E495CC */
-7.03124940873599280078e-02, /* 0xBFB1FFFF, 0xE69AFBC6 */
-4.15961064470587782438e+00, /* 0xC010A370, 0xF90C6BBF */
-6.76747652265167261021e+01, /* 0xC050EB2F, 0x5A7D1783 */
-3.31231299649172967747e+02, /* 0xC074B3B3, 0x6742CC63 */
-3.46433388365604912451e+02, /* 0xC075A6EF, 0x28A38BD7 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double pS5[5] = {
#else
static double pS5[5] = {
#endif
6.07539382692300335975e+01, /* 0x404E6081, 0x0C98C5DE */
1.05125230595704579173e+03, /* 0x40906D02, 0x5C7E2864 */
5.97897094333855784498e+03, /* 0x40B75AF8, 0x8FBE1D60 */
9.62544514357774460223e+03, /* 0x40C2CCB8, 0xFA76FA38 */
2.40605815922939109441e+03, /* 0x40A2CC1D, 0xC70BE864 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double pR3[6] = {/* for x in [4.547,2.8571]=1/[0.2199,0.35001] */
#else
static double pR3[6] = {/* for x in [4.547,2.8571]=1/[0.2199,0.35001] */
#endif
-2.54704601771951915620e-09, /* 0xBE25E103, 0x6FE1AA86 */
-7.03119616381481654654e-02, /* 0xBFB1FFF6, 0xF7C0E24B */
-2.40903221549529611423e+00, /* 0xC00345B2, 0xAEA48074 */
-2.19659774734883086467e+01, /* 0xC035F74A, 0x4CB94E14 */
-5.80791704701737572236e+01, /* 0xC04D0A22, 0x420A1A45 */
-3.14479470594888503854e+01, /* 0xC03F72AC, 0xA892D80F */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double pS3[5] = {
#else
static double pS3[5] = {
#endif
3.58560338055209726349e+01, /* 0x4041ED92, 0x84077DD3 */
3.61513983050303863820e+02, /* 0x40769839, 0x464A7C0E */
1.19360783792111533330e+03, /* 0x4092A66E, 0x6D1061D6 */
1.12799679856907414432e+03, /* 0x40919FFC, 0xB8C39B7E */
1.73580930813335754692e+02, /* 0x4065B296, 0xFC379081 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double pR2[6] = {/* for x in [2.8570,2]=1/[0.3499,0.5] */
#else
static double pR2[6] = {/* for x in [2.8570,2]=1/[0.3499,0.5] */
#endif
-8.87534333032526411254e-08, /* 0xBE77D316, 0xE927026D */
-7.03030995483624743247e-02, /* 0xBFB1FF62, 0x495E1E42 */
-1.45073846780952986357e+00, /* 0xBFF73639, 0x8A24A843 */
-7.63569613823527770791e+00, /* 0xC01E8AF3, 0xEDAFA7F3 */
-1.11931668860356747786e+01, /* 0xC02662E6, 0xC5246303 */
-3.23364579351335335033e+00, /* 0xC009DE81, 0xAF8FE70F */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double pS2[5] = {
#else
static double pS2[5] = {
#endif
2.22202997532088808441e+01, /* 0x40363865, 0x908B5959 */
1.36206794218215208048e+02, /* 0x4061069E, 0x0EE8878F */
2.70470278658083486789e+02, /* 0x4070E786, 0x42EA079B */
1.53875394208320329881e+02, /* 0x40633C03, 0x3AB6FAFF */
1.46576176948256193810e+01, /* 0x402D50B3, 0x44391809 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static double pzero(double x)
#else
static double pzero(x)
double x;
#endif
{
#ifdef __STDC__
const double *p,*q;
#else
double *p,*q;
#endif
double z,r,s;
int ix;
ix = 0x7fffffff&__HI(x);
if(ix>=0x40200000) {p = pR8; q= pS8;}
else if(ix>=0x40122E8B){p = pR5; q= pS5;}
else if(ix>=0x4006DB6D){p = pR3; q= pS3;}
else if(ix>=0x40000000){p = pR2; q= pS2;}
z = one/(x*x);
r = p[0]+z*(p[1]+z*(p[2]+z*(p[3]+z*(p[4]+z*p[5]))));
s = one+z*(q[0]+z*(q[1]+z*(q[2]+z*(q[3]+z*q[4]))));
return one+ r/s;
}
/* For x >= 8, the asymptotic expansions of qzero is
* -1/8 s + 75/1024 s^3 - ..., where s = 1/x.
* We approximate pzero by
* qzero(x) = s*(-1.25 + (R/S))
* where R = qR0 + qR1*s^2 + qR2*s^4 + ... + qR5*s^10
* S = 1 + qS0*s^2 + ... + qS5*s^12
* and
* | qzero(x)/s +1.25-R/S | <= 2 ** ( -61.22)
*/
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double qR8[6] = { /* for x in [inf, 8]=1/[0,0.125] */
#else
static double qR8[6] = { /* for x in [inf, 8]=1/[0,0.125] */
#endif
0.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x00000000, 0x00000000 */
7.32421874999935051953e-02, /* 0x3FB2BFFF, 0xFFFFFE2C */
1.17682064682252693899e+01, /* 0x40278952, 0x5BB334D6 */
5.57673380256401856059e+02, /* 0x40816D63, 0x15301825 */
8.85919720756468632317e+03, /* 0x40C14D99, 0x3E18F46D */
3.70146267776887834771e+04, /* 0x40E212D4, 0x0E901566 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double qS8[6] = {
#else
static double qS8[6] = {
#endif
1.63776026895689824414e+02, /* 0x406478D5, 0x365B39BC */
8.09834494656449805916e+03, /* 0x40BFA258, 0x4E6B0563 */
1.42538291419120476348e+05, /* 0x41016652, 0x54D38C3F */
8.03309257119514397345e+05, /* 0x412883DA, 0x83A52B43 */
8.40501579819060512818e+05, /* 0x4129A66B, 0x28DE0B3D */
-3.43899293537866615225e+05, /* 0xC114FD6D, 0x2C9530C5 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double qR5[6] = { /* for x in [8,4.5454]=1/[0.125,0.22001] */
#else
static double qR5[6] = { /* for x in [8,4.5454]=1/[0.125,0.22001] */
#endif
1.84085963594515531381e-11, /* 0x3DB43D8F, 0x29CC8CD9 */
7.32421766612684765896e-02, /* 0x3FB2BFFF, 0xD172B04C */
5.83563508962056953777e+00, /* 0x401757B0, 0xB9953DD3 */
1.35111577286449829671e+02, /* 0x4060E392, 0x0A8788E9 */
1.02724376596164097464e+03, /* 0x40900CF9, 0x9DC8C481 */
1.98997785864605384631e+03, /* 0x409F17E9, 0x53C6E3A6 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double qS5[6] = {
#else
static double qS5[6] = {
#endif
8.27766102236537761883e+01, /* 0x4054B1B3, 0xFB5E1543 */
2.07781416421392987104e+03, /* 0x40A03BA0, 0xDA21C0CE */
1.88472887785718085070e+04, /* 0x40D267D2, 0x7B591E6D */
5.67511122894947329769e+04, /* 0x40EBB5E3, 0x97E02372 */
3.59767538425114471465e+04, /* 0x40E19118, 0x1F7A54A0 */
-5.35434275601944773371e+03, /* 0xC0B4EA57, 0xBEDBC609 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double qR3[6] = {/* for x in [4.547,2.8571]=1/[0.2199,0.35001] */
#else
static double qR3[6] = {/* for x in [4.547,2.8571]=1/[0.2199,0.35001] */
#endif
4.37741014089738620906e-09, /* 0x3E32CD03, 0x6ADECB82 */
7.32411180042911447163e-02, /* 0x3FB2BFEE, 0x0E8D0842 */
3.34423137516170720929e+00, /* 0x400AC0FC, 0x61149CF5 */
4.26218440745412650017e+01, /* 0x40454F98, 0x962DAEDD */
1.70808091340565596283e+02, /* 0x406559DB, 0xE25EFD1F */
1.66733948696651168575e+02, /* 0x4064D77C, 0x81FA21E0 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double qS3[6] = {
#else
static double qS3[6] = {
#endif
4.87588729724587182091e+01, /* 0x40486122, 0xBFE343A6 */
7.09689221056606015736e+02, /* 0x40862D83, 0x86544EB3 */
3.70414822620111362994e+03, /* 0x40ACF04B, 0xE44DFC63 */
6.46042516752568917582e+03, /* 0x40B93C6C, 0xD7C76A28 */
2.51633368920368957333e+03, /* 0x40A3A8AA, 0xD94FB1C0 */
-1.49247451836156386662e+02, /* 0xC062A7EB, 0x201CF40F */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double qR2[6] = {/* for x in [2.8570,2]=1/[0.3499,0.5] */
#else
static double qR2[6] = {/* for x in [2.8570,2]=1/[0.3499,0.5] */
#endif
1.50444444886983272379e-07, /* 0x3E84313B, 0x54F76BDB */
7.32234265963079278272e-02, /* 0x3FB2BEC5, 0x3E883E34 */
1.99819174093815998816e+00, /* 0x3FFFF897, 0xE727779C */
1.44956029347885735348e+01, /* 0x402CFDBF, 0xAAF96FE5 */
3.16662317504781540833e+01, /* 0x403FAA8E, 0x29FBDC4A */
1.62527075710929267416e+01, /* 0x403040B1, 0x71814BB4 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double qS2[6] = {
#else
static double qS2[6] = {
#endif
3.03655848355219184498e+01, /* 0x403E5D96, 0xF7C07AED */
2.69348118608049844624e+02, /* 0x4070D591, 0xE4D14B40 */
8.44783757595320139444e+02, /* 0x408A6645, 0x22B3BF22 */
8.82935845112488550512e+02, /* 0x408B977C, 0x9C5CC214 */
2.12666388511798828631e+02, /* 0x406A9553, 0x0E001365 */
-5.31095493882666946917e+00, /* 0xC0153E6A, 0xF8B32931 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static double qzero(double x)
#else
static double qzero(x)
double x;
#endif
{
#ifdef __STDC__
const double *p,*q;
#else
double *p,*q;
#endif
double s,r,z;
int ix;
ix = 0x7fffffff&__HI(x);
if(ix>=0x40200000) {p = qR8; q= qS8;}
else if(ix>=0x40122E8B){p = qR5; q= qS5;}
else if(ix>=0x4006DB6D){p = qR3; q= qS3;}
else if(ix>=0x40000000){p = qR2; q= qS2;}
z = one/(x*x);
r = p[0]+z*(p[1]+z*(p[2]+z*(p[3]+z*(p[4]+z*p[5]))));
s = one+z*(q[0]+z*(q[1]+z*(q[2]+z*(q[3]+z*(q[4]+z*q[5])))));
return (-.125 + r/s)/x;
}

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/* @(#)e_j1.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* __ieee754_j1(x), __ieee754_y1(x)
* Bessel function of the first and second kinds of order zero.
* Method -- j1(x):
* 1. For tiny x, we use j1(x) = x/2 - x^3/16 + x^5/384 - ...
* 2. Reduce x to |x| since j1(x)=-j1(-x), and
* for x in (0,2)
* j1(x) = x/2 + x*z*R0/S0, where z = x*x;
* (precision: |j1/x - 1/2 - R0/S0 |<2**-61.51 )
* for x in (2,inf)
* j1(x) = sqrt(2/(pi*x))*(p1(x)*cos(x1)-q1(x)*sin(x1))
* y1(x) = sqrt(2/(pi*x))*(p1(x)*sin(x1)+q1(x)*cos(x1))
* where x1 = x-3*pi/4. It is better to compute sin(x1),cos(x1)
* as follow:
* cos(x1) = cos(x)cos(3pi/4)+sin(x)sin(3pi/4)
* = 1/sqrt(2) * (sin(x) - cos(x))
* sin(x1) = sin(x)cos(3pi/4)-cos(x)sin(3pi/4)
* = -1/sqrt(2) * (sin(x) + cos(x))
* (To avoid cancellation, use
* sin(x) +- cos(x) = -cos(2x)/(sin(x) -+ cos(x))
* to compute the worse one.)
*
* 3 Special cases
* j1(nan)= nan
* j1(0) = 0
* j1(inf) = 0
*
* Method -- y1(x):
* 1. screen out x<=0 cases: y1(0)=-inf, y1(x<0)=NaN
* 2. For x<2.
* Since
* y1(x) = 2/pi*(j1(x)*(ln(x/2)+Euler)-1/x-x/2+5/64*x^3-...)
* therefore y1(x)-2/pi*j1(x)*ln(x)-1/x is an odd function.
* We use the following function to approximate y1,
* y1(x) = x*U(z)/V(z) + (2/pi)*(j1(x)*ln(x)-1/x), z= x^2
* where for x in [0,2] (abs err less than 2**-65.89)
* U(z) = U0[0] + U0[1]*z + ... + U0[4]*z^4
* V(z) = 1 + v0[0]*z + ... + v0[4]*z^5
* Note: For tiny x, 1/x dominate y1 and hence
* y1(tiny) = -2/pi/tiny, (choose tiny<2**-54)
* 3. For x>=2.
* y1(x) = sqrt(2/(pi*x))*(p1(x)*sin(x1)+q1(x)*cos(x1))
* where x1 = x-3*pi/4. It is better to compute sin(x1),cos(x1)
* by method mentioned above.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static double pone(double), qone(double);
#else
static double pone(), qone();
#endif
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
huge = 1e300,
one = 1.0,
invsqrtpi= 5.64189583547756279280e-01, /* 0x3FE20DD7, 0x50429B6D */
tpi = 6.36619772367581382433e-01, /* 0x3FE45F30, 0x6DC9C883 */
/* R0/S0 on [0,2] */
r00 = -6.25000000000000000000e-02, /* 0xBFB00000, 0x00000000 */
r01 = 1.40705666955189706048e-03, /* 0x3F570D9F, 0x98472C61 */
r02 = -1.59955631084035597520e-05, /* 0xBEF0C5C6, 0xBA169668 */
r03 = 4.96727999609584448412e-08, /* 0x3E6AAAFA, 0x46CA0BD9 */
s01 = 1.91537599538363460805e-02, /* 0x3F939D0B, 0x12637E53 */
s02 = 1.85946785588630915560e-04, /* 0x3F285F56, 0xB9CDF664 */
s03 = 1.17718464042623683263e-06, /* 0x3EB3BFF8, 0x333F8498 */
s04 = 5.04636257076217042715e-09, /* 0x3E35AC88, 0xC97DFF2C */
s05 = 1.23542274426137913908e-11; /* 0x3DAB2ACF, 0xCFB97ED8 */
static double zero = 0.0;
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_j1(double x)
#else
double __ieee754_j1(x)
double x;
#endif
{
double z, s,c,ss,cc,r,u,v,y;
int hx,ix;
hx = __HI(x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) return one/x;
y = fabs(x);
if(ix >= 0x40000000) { /* |x| >= 2.0 */
s = sin(y);
c = cos(y);
ss = -s-c;
cc = s-c;
if(ix<0x7fe00000) { /* make sure y+y not overflow */
z = cos(y+y);
if ((s*c)>zero) cc = z/ss;
else ss = z/cc;
}
/*
* j1(x) = 1/sqrt(pi) * (P(1,x)*cc - Q(1,x)*ss) / sqrt(x)
* y1(x) = 1/sqrt(pi) * (P(1,x)*ss + Q(1,x)*cc) / sqrt(x)
*/
if(ix>0x48000000) z = (invsqrtpi*cc)/sqrt(y);
else {
u = pone(y); v = qone(y);
z = invsqrtpi*(u*cc-v*ss)/sqrt(y);
}
if(hx<0) return -z;
else return z;
}
if(ix<0x3e400000) { /* |x|<2**-27 */
if(huge+x>one) return 0.5*x;/* inexact if x!=0 necessary */
}
z = x*x;
r = z*(r00+z*(r01+z*(r02+z*r03)));
s = one+z*(s01+z*(s02+z*(s03+z*(s04+z*s05))));
r *= x;
return(x*0.5+r/s);
}
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double U0[5] = {
#else
static double U0[5] = {
#endif
-1.96057090646238940668e-01, /* 0xBFC91866, 0x143CBC8A */
5.04438716639811282616e-02, /* 0x3FA9D3C7, 0x76292CD1 */
-1.91256895875763547298e-03, /* 0xBF5F55E5, 0x4844F50F */
2.35252600561610495928e-05, /* 0x3EF8AB03, 0x8FA6B88E */
-9.19099158039878874504e-08, /* 0xBE78AC00, 0x569105B8 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double V0[5] = {
#else
static double V0[5] = {
#endif
1.99167318236649903973e-02, /* 0x3F94650D, 0x3F4DA9F0 */
2.02552581025135171496e-04, /* 0x3F2A8C89, 0x6C257764 */
1.35608801097516229404e-06, /* 0x3EB6C05A, 0x894E8CA6 */
6.22741452364621501295e-09, /* 0x3E3ABF1D, 0x5BA69A86 */
1.66559246207992079114e-11, /* 0x3DB25039, 0xDACA772A */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_y1(double x)
#else
double __ieee754_y1(x)
double x;
#endif
{
double z, s,c,ss,cc,u,v;
int hx,ix,lx;
hx = __HI(x);
ix = 0x7fffffff&hx;
lx = __LO(x);
/* if Y1(NaN) is NaN, Y1(-inf) is NaN, Y1(inf) is 0 */
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) return one/(x+x*x);
if((ix|lx)==0) return -one/zero;
if(hx<0) return zero/zero;
if(ix >= 0x40000000) { /* |x| >= 2.0 */
s = sin(x);
c = cos(x);
ss = -s-c;
cc = s-c;
if(ix<0x7fe00000) { /* make sure x+x not overflow */
z = cos(x+x);
if ((s*c)>zero) cc = z/ss;
else ss = z/cc;
}
/* y1(x) = sqrt(2/(pi*x))*(p1(x)*sin(x0)+q1(x)*cos(x0))
* where x0 = x-3pi/4
* Better formula:
* cos(x0) = cos(x)cos(3pi/4)+sin(x)sin(3pi/4)
* = 1/sqrt(2) * (sin(x) - cos(x))
* sin(x0) = sin(x)cos(3pi/4)-cos(x)sin(3pi/4)
* = -1/sqrt(2) * (cos(x) + sin(x))
* To avoid cancellation, use
* sin(x) +- cos(x) = -cos(2x)/(sin(x) -+ cos(x))
* to compute the worse one.
*/
if(ix>0x48000000) z = (invsqrtpi*ss)/sqrt(x);
else {
u = pone(x); v = qone(x);
z = invsqrtpi*(u*ss+v*cc)/sqrt(x);
}
return z;
}
if(ix<=0x3c900000) { /* x < 2**-54 */
return(-tpi/x);
}
z = x*x;
u = U0[0]+z*(U0[1]+z*(U0[2]+z*(U0[3]+z*U0[4])));
v = one+z*(V0[0]+z*(V0[1]+z*(V0[2]+z*(V0[3]+z*V0[4]))));
return(x*(u/v) + tpi*(__ieee754_j1(x)*__ieee754_log(x)-one/x));
}
/* For x >= 8, the asymptotic expansions of pone is
* 1 + 15/128 s^2 - 4725/2^15 s^4 - ..., where s = 1/x.
* We approximate pone by
* pone(x) = 1 + (R/S)
* where R = pr0 + pr1*s^2 + pr2*s^4 + ... + pr5*s^10
* S = 1 + ps0*s^2 + ... + ps4*s^10
* and
* | pone(x)-1-R/S | <= 2 ** ( -60.06)
*/
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double pr8[6] = { /* for x in [inf, 8]=1/[0,0.125] */
#else
static double pr8[6] = { /* for x in [inf, 8]=1/[0,0.125] */
#endif
0.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x00000000, 0x00000000 */
1.17187499999988647970e-01, /* 0x3FBDFFFF, 0xFFFFFCCE */
1.32394806593073575129e+01, /* 0x402A7A9D, 0x357F7FCE */
4.12051854307378562225e+02, /* 0x4079C0D4, 0x652EA590 */
3.87474538913960532227e+03, /* 0x40AE457D, 0xA3A532CC */
7.91447954031891731574e+03, /* 0x40BEEA7A, 0xC32782DD */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double ps8[5] = {
#else
static double ps8[5] = {
#endif
1.14207370375678408436e+02, /* 0x405C8D45, 0x8E656CAC */
3.65093083420853463394e+03, /* 0x40AC85DC, 0x964D274F */
3.69562060269033463555e+04, /* 0x40E20B86, 0x97C5BB7F */
9.76027935934950801311e+04, /* 0x40F7D42C, 0xB28F17BB */
3.08042720627888811578e+04, /* 0x40DE1511, 0x697A0B2D */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double pr5[6] = { /* for x in [8,4.5454]=1/[0.125,0.22001] */
#else
static double pr5[6] = { /* for x in [8,4.5454]=1/[0.125,0.22001] */
#endif
1.31990519556243522749e-11, /* 0x3DAD0667, 0xDAE1CA7D */
1.17187493190614097638e-01, /* 0x3FBDFFFF, 0xE2C10043 */
6.80275127868432871736e+00, /* 0x401B3604, 0x6E6315E3 */
1.08308182990189109773e+02, /* 0x405B13B9, 0x452602ED */
5.17636139533199752805e+02, /* 0x40802D16, 0xD052D649 */
5.28715201363337541807e+02, /* 0x408085B8, 0xBB7E0CB7 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double ps5[5] = {
#else
static double ps5[5] = {
#endif
5.92805987221131331921e+01, /* 0x404DA3EA, 0xA8AF633D */
9.91401418733614377743e+02, /* 0x408EFB36, 0x1B066701 */
5.35326695291487976647e+03, /* 0x40B4E944, 0x5706B6FB */
7.84469031749551231769e+03, /* 0x40BEA4B0, 0xB8A5BB15 */
1.50404688810361062679e+03, /* 0x40978030, 0x036F5E51 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double pr3[6] = {
#else
static double pr3[6] = {/* for x in [4.547,2.8571]=1/[0.2199,0.35001] */
#endif
3.02503916137373618024e-09, /* 0x3E29FC21, 0xA7AD9EDD */
1.17186865567253592491e-01, /* 0x3FBDFFF5, 0x5B21D17B */
3.93297750033315640650e+00, /* 0x400F76BC, 0xE85EAD8A */
3.51194035591636932736e+01, /* 0x40418F48, 0x9DA6D129 */
9.10550110750781271918e+01, /* 0x4056C385, 0x4D2C1837 */
4.85590685197364919645e+01, /* 0x4048478F, 0x8EA83EE5 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double ps3[5] = {
#else
static double ps3[5] = {
#endif
3.47913095001251519989e+01, /* 0x40416549, 0xA134069C */
3.36762458747825746741e+02, /* 0x40750C33, 0x07F1A75F */
1.04687139975775130551e+03, /* 0x40905B7C, 0x5037D523 */
8.90811346398256432622e+02, /* 0x408BD67D, 0xA32E31E9 */
1.03787932439639277504e+02, /* 0x4059F26D, 0x7C2EED53 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double pr2[6] = {/* for x in [2.8570,2]=1/[0.3499,0.5] */
#else
static double pr2[6] = {/* for x in [2.8570,2]=1/[0.3499,0.5] */
#endif
1.07710830106873743082e-07, /* 0x3E7CE9D4, 0xF65544F4 */
1.17176219462683348094e-01, /* 0x3FBDFF42, 0xBE760D83 */
2.36851496667608785174e+00, /* 0x4002F2B7, 0xF98FAEC0 */
1.22426109148261232917e+01, /* 0x40287C37, 0x7F71A964 */
1.76939711271687727390e+01, /* 0x4031B1A8, 0x177F8EE2 */
5.07352312588818499250e+00, /* 0x40144B49, 0xA574C1FE */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double ps2[5] = {
#else
static double ps2[5] = {
#endif
2.14364859363821409488e+01, /* 0x40356FBD, 0x8AD5ECDC */
1.25290227168402751090e+02, /* 0x405F5293, 0x14F92CD5 */
2.32276469057162813669e+02, /* 0x406D08D8, 0xD5A2DBD9 */
1.17679373287147100768e+02, /* 0x405D6B7A, 0xDA1884A9 */
8.36463893371618283368e+00, /* 0x4020BAB1, 0xF44E5192 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static double pone(double x)
#else
static double pone(x)
double x;
#endif
{
#ifdef __STDC__
const double *p,*q;
#else
double *p,*q;
#endif
double z,r,s;
int ix;
ix = 0x7fffffff&__HI(x);
if(ix>=0x40200000) {p = pr8; q= ps8;}
else if(ix>=0x40122E8B){p = pr5; q= ps5;}
else if(ix>=0x4006DB6D){p = pr3; q= ps3;}
else if(ix>=0x40000000){p = pr2; q= ps2;}
z = one/(x*x);
r = p[0]+z*(p[1]+z*(p[2]+z*(p[3]+z*(p[4]+z*p[5]))));
s = one+z*(q[0]+z*(q[1]+z*(q[2]+z*(q[3]+z*q[4]))));
return one+ r/s;
}
/* For x >= 8, the asymptotic expansions of qone is
* 3/8 s - 105/1024 s^3 - ..., where s = 1/x.
* We approximate pone by
* qone(x) = s*(0.375 + (R/S))
* where R = qr1*s^2 + qr2*s^4 + ... + qr5*s^10
* S = 1 + qs1*s^2 + ... + qs6*s^12
* and
* | qone(x)/s -0.375-R/S | <= 2 ** ( -61.13)
*/
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double qr8[6] = { /* for x in [inf, 8]=1/[0,0.125] */
#else
static double qr8[6] = { /* for x in [inf, 8]=1/[0,0.125] */
#endif
0.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x00000000, 0x00000000 */
-1.02539062499992714161e-01, /* 0xBFBA3FFF, 0xFFFFFDF3 */
-1.62717534544589987888e+01, /* 0xC0304591, 0xA26779F7 */
-7.59601722513950107896e+02, /* 0xC087BCD0, 0x53E4B576 */
-1.18498066702429587167e+04, /* 0xC0C724E7, 0x40F87415 */
-4.84385124285750353010e+04, /* 0xC0E7A6D0, 0x65D09C6A */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double qs8[6] = {
#else
static double qs8[6] = {
#endif
1.61395369700722909556e+02, /* 0x40642CA6, 0xDE5BCDE5 */
7.82538599923348465381e+03, /* 0x40BE9162, 0xD0D88419 */
1.33875336287249578163e+05, /* 0x4100579A, 0xB0B75E98 */
7.19657723683240939863e+05, /* 0x4125F653, 0x72869C19 */
6.66601232617776375264e+05, /* 0x412457D2, 0x7719AD5C */
-2.94490264303834643215e+05, /* 0xC111F969, 0x0EA5AA18 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double qr5[6] = { /* for x in [8,4.5454]=1/[0.125,0.22001] */
#else
static double qr5[6] = { /* for x in [8,4.5454]=1/[0.125,0.22001] */
#endif
-2.08979931141764104297e-11, /* 0xBDB6FA43, 0x1AA1A098 */
-1.02539050241375426231e-01, /* 0xBFBA3FFF, 0xCB597FEF */
-8.05644828123936029840e+00, /* 0xC0201CE6, 0xCA03AD4B */
-1.83669607474888380239e+02, /* 0xC066F56D, 0x6CA7B9B0 */
-1.37319376065508163265e+03, /* 0xC09574C6, 0x6931734F */
-2.61244440453215656817e+03, /* 0xC0A468E3, 0x88FDA79D */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double qs5[6] = {
#else
static double qs5[6] = {
#endif
8.12765501384335777857e+01, /* 0x405451B2, 0xFF5A11B2 */
1.99179873460485964642e+03, /* 0x409F1F31, 0xE77BF839 */
1.74684851924908907677e+04, /* 0x40D10F1F, 0x0D64CE29 */
4.98514270910352279316e+04, /* 0x40E8576D, 0xAABAD197 */
2.79480751638918118260e+04, /* 0x40DB4B04, 0xCF7C364B */
-4.71918354795128470869e+03, /* 0xC0B26F2E, 0xFCFFA004 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double qr3[6] = {
#else
static double qr3[6] = {/* for x in [4.547,2.8571]=1/[0.2199,0.35001] */
#endif
-5.07831226461766561369e-09, /* 0xBE35CFA9, 0xD38FC84F */
-1.02537829820837089745e-01, /* 0xBFBA3FEB, 0x51AEED54 */
-4.61011581139473403113e+00, /* 0xC01270C2, 0x3302D9FF */
-5.78472216562783643212e+01, /* 0xC04CEC71, 0xC25D16DA */
-2.28244540737631695038e+02, /* 0xC06C87D3, 0x4718D55F */
-2.19210128478909325622e+02, /* 0xC06B66B9, 0x5F5C1BF6 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double qs3[6] = {
#else
static double qs3[6] = {
#endif
4.76651550323729509273e+01, /* 0x4047D523, 0xCCD367E4 */
6.73865112676699709482e+02, /* 0x40850EEB, 0xC031EE3E */
3.38015286679526343505e+03, /* 0x40AA684E, 0x448E7C9A */
5.54772909720722782367e+03, /* 0x40B5ABBA, 0xA61D54A6 */
1.90311919338810798763e+03, /* 0x409DBC7A, 0x0DD4DF4B */
-1.35201191444307340817e+02, /* 0xC060E670, 0x290A311F */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double qr2[6] = {/* for x in [2.8570,2]=1/[0.3499,0.5] */
#else
static double qr2[6] = {/* for x in [2.8570,2]=1/[0.3499,0.5] */
#endif
-1.78381727510958865572e-07, /* 0xBE87F126, 0x44C626D2 */
-1.02517042607985553460e-01, /* 0xBFBA3E8E, 0x9148B010 */
-2.75220568278187460720e+00, /* 0xC0060484, 0x69BB4EDA */
-1.96636162643703720221e+01, /* 0xC033A9E2, 0xC168907F */
-4.23253133372830490089e+01, /* 0xC04529A3, 0xDE104AAA */
-2.13719211703704061733e+01, /* 0xC0355F36, 0x39CF6E52 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double qs2[6] = {
#else
static double qs2[6] = {
#endif
2.95333629060523854548e+01, /* 0x403D888A, 0x78AE64FF */
2.52981549982190529136e+02, /* 0x406F9F68, 0xDB821CBA */
7.57502834868645436472e+02, /* 0x4087AC05, 0xCE49A0F7 */
7.39393205320467245656e+02, /* 0x40871B25, 0x48D4C029 */
1.55949003336666123687e+02, /* 0x40637E5E, 0x3C3ED8D4 */
-4.95949898822628210127e+00, /* 0xC013D686, 0xE71BE86B */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static double qone(double x)
#else
static double qone(x)
double x;
#endif
{
#ifdef __STDC__
const double *p,*q;
#else
double *p,*q;
#endif
double s,r,z;
int ix;
ix = 0x7fffffff&__HI(x);
if(ix>=0x40200000) {p = qr8; q= qs8;}
else if(ix>=0x40122E8B){p = qr5; q= qs5;}
else if(ix>=0x4006DB6D){p = qr3; q= qs3;}
else if(ix>=0x40000000){p = qr2; q= qs2;}
z = one/(x*x);
r = p[0]+z*(p[1]+z*(p[2]+z*(p[3]+z*(p[4]+z*p[5]))));
s = one+z*(q[0]+z*(q[1]+z*(q[2]+z*(q[3]+z*(q[4]+z*q[5])))));
return (.375 + r/s)/x;
}

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/* @(#)e_jn.c 1.4 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* __ieee754_jn(n, x), __ieee754_yn(n, x)
* floating point Bessel's function of the 1st and 2nd kind
* of order n
*
* Special cases:
* y0(0)=y1(0)=yn(n,0) = -inf with division by zero signal;
* y0(-ve)=y1(-ve)=yn(n,-ve) are NaN with invalid signal.
* Note 2. About jn(n,x), yn(n,x)
* For n=0, j0(x) is called,
* for n=1, j1(x) is called,
* for n<x, forward recursion us used starting
* from values of j0(x) and j1(x).
* for n>x, a continued fraction approximation to
* j(n,x)/j(n-1,x) is evaluated and then backward
* recursion is used starting from a supposed value
* for j(n,x). The resulting value of j(0,x) is
* compared with the actual value to correct the
* supposed value of j(n,x).
*
* yn(n,x) is similar in all respects, except
* that forward recursion is used for all
* values of n>1.
*
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
invsqrtpi= 5.64189583547756279280e-01, /* 0x3FE20DD7, 0x50429B6D */
two = 2.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x40000000, 0x00000000 */
one = 1.00000000000000000000e+00; /* 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000 */
static double zero = 0.00000000000000000000e+00;
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_jn(int n, double x)
#else
double __ieee754_jn(n,x)
int n; double x;
#endif
{
int i,hx,ix,lx, sgn;
double a, b, temp, di;
double z, w;
/* J(-n,x) = (-1)^n * J(n, x), J(n, -x) = (-1)^n * J(n, x)
* Thus, J(-n,x) = J(n,-x)
*/
hx = __HI(x);
ix = 0x7fffffff&hx;
lx = __LO(x);
/* if J(n,NaN) is NaN */
if((ix|((unsigned)(lx|-lx))>>31)>0x7ff00000) return x+x;
if(n<0){
n = -n;
x = -x;
hx ^= 0x80000000;
}
if(n==0) return(__ieee754_j0(x));
if(n==1) return(__ieee754_j1(x));
sgn = (n&1)&(hx>>31); /* even n -- 0, odd n -- sign(x) */
x = fabs(x);
if((ix|lx)==0||ix>=0x7ff00000) /* if x is 0 or inf */
b = zero;
else if((double)n<=x) {
/* Safe to use J(n+1,x)=2n/x *J(n,x)-J(n-1,x) */
if(ix>=0x52D00000) { /* x > 2**302 */
/* (x >> n**2)
* Jn(x) = cos(x-(2n+1)*pi/4)*sqrt(2/x*pi)
* Yn(x) = sin(x-(2n+1)*pi/4)*sqrt(2/x*pi)
* Let s=sin(x), c=cos(x),
* xn=x-(2n+1)*pi/4, sqt2 = sqrt(2),then
*
* n sin(xn)*sqt2 cos(xn)*sqt2
* ----------------------------------
* 0 s-c c+s
* 1 -s-c -c+s
* 2 -s+c -c-s
* 3 s+c c-s
*/
switch(n&3) {
case 0: temp = cos(x)+sin(x); break;
case 1: temp = -cos(x)+sin(x); break;
case 2: temp = -cos(x)-sin(x); break;
case 3: temp = cos(x)-sin(x); break;
}
b = invsqrtpi*temp/sqrt(x);
} else {
a = __ieee754_j0(x);
b = __ieee754_j1(x);
for(i=1;i<n;i++){
temp = b;
b = b*((double)(i+i)/x) - a; /* avoid underflow */
a = temp;
}
}
} else {
if(ix<0x3e100000) { /* x < 2**-29 */
/* x is tiny, return the first Taylor expansion of J(n,x)
* J(n,x) = 1/n!*(x/2)^n - ...
*/
if(n>33) /* underflow */
b = zero;
else {
temp = x*0.5; b = temp;
for (a=one,i=2;i<=n;i++) {
a *= (double)i; /* a = n! */
b *= temp; /* b = (x/2)^n */
}
b = b/a;
}
} else {
/* use backward recurrence */
/* x x^2 x^2
* J(n,x)/J(n-1,x) = ---- ------ ------ .....
* 2n - 2(n+1) - 2(n+2)
*
* 1 1 1
* (for large x) = ---- ------ ------ .....
* 2n 2(n+1) 2(n+2)
* -- - ------ - ------ -
* x x x
*
* Let w = 2n/x and h=2/x, then the above quotient
* is equal to the continued fraction:
* 1
* = -----------------------
* 1
* w - -----------------
* 1
* w+h - ---------
* w+2h - ...
*
* To determine how many terms needed, let
* Q(0) = w, Q(1) = w(w+h) - 1,
* Q(k) = (w+k*h)*Q(k-1) - Q(k-2),
* When Q(k) > 1e4 good for single
* When Q(k) > 1e9 good for double
* When Q(k) > 1e17 good for quadruple
*/
/* determine k */
double t,v;
double q0,q1,h,tmp; int k,m;
w = (n+n)/(double)x; h = 2.0/(double)x;
q0 = w; z = w+h; q1 = w*z - 1.0; k=1;
while(q1<1.0e9) {
k += 1; z += h;
tmp = z*q1 - q0;
q0 = q1;
q1 = tmp;
}
m = n+n;
for(t=zero, i = 2*(n+k); i>=m; i -= 2) t = one/(i/x-t);
a = t;
b = one;
/* estimate log((2/x)^n*n!) = n*log(2/x)+n*ln(n)
* Hence, if n*(log(2n/x)) > ...
* single 8.8722839355e+01
* double 7.09782712893383973096e+02
* long double 1.1356523406294143949491931077970765006170e+04
* then recurrent value may overflow and the result is
* likely underflow to zero
*/
tmp = n;
v = two/x;
tmp = tmp*__ieee754_log(fabs(v*tmp));
if(tmp<7.09782712893383973096e+02) {
for(i=n-1,di=(double)(i+i);i>0;i--){
temp = b;
b *= di;
b = b/x - a;
a = temp;
di -= two;
}
} else {
for(i=n-1,di=(double)(i+i);i>0;i--){
temp = b;
b *= di;
b = b/x - a;
a = temp;
di -= two;
/* scale b to avoid spurious overflow */
if(b>1e100) {
a /= b;
t /= b;
b = one;
}
}
}
b = (t*__ieee754_j0(x)/b);
}
}
if(sgn==1) return -b; else return b;
}
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_yn(int n, double x)
#else
double __ieee754_yn(n,x)
int n; double x;
#endif
{
int i,hx,ix,lx;
int sign;
double a, b, temp;
hx = __HI(x);
ix = 0x7fffffff&hx;
lx = __LO(x);
/* if Y(n,NaN) is NaN */
if((ix|((unsigned)(lx|-lx))>>31)>0x7ff00000) return x+x;
if((ix|lx)==0) return -one/zero;
if(hx<0) return zero/zero;
sign = 1;
if(n<0){
n = -n;
sign = 1 - ((n&1)<<1);
}
if(n==0) return(__ieee754_y0(x));
if(n==1) return(sign*__ieee754_y1(x));
if(ix==0x7ff00000) return zero;
if(ix>=0x52D00000) { /* x > 2**302 */
/* (x >> n**2)
* Jn(x) = cos(x-(2n+1)*pi/4)*sqrt(2/x*pi)
* Yn(x) = sin(x-(2n+1)*pi/4)*sqrt(2/x*pi)
* Let s=sin(x), c=cos(x),
* xn=x-(2n+1)*pi/4, sqt2 = sqrt(2),then
*
* n sin(xn)*sqt2 cos(xn)*sqt2
* ----------------------------------
* 0 s-c c+s
* 1 -s-c -c+s
* 2 -s+c -c-s
* 3 s+c c-s
*/
switch(n&3) {
case 0: temp = sin(x)-cos(x); break;
case 1: temp = -sin(x)-cos(x); break;
case 2: temp = -sin(x)+cos(x); break;
case 3: temp = sin(x)+cos(x); break;
}
b = invsqrtpi*temp/sqrt(x);
} else {
a = __ieee754_y0(x);
b = __ieee754_y1(x);
/* quit if b is -inf */
for(i=1;i<n&&(__HI(b) != 0xfff00000);i++){
temp = b;
b = ((double)(i+i)/x)*b - a;
a = temp;
}
}
if(sign>0) return b; else return -b;
}

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/* @(#)e_lgamma.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
*/
/* __ieee754_lgamma(x)
* Return the logarithm of the Gamma function of x.
*
* Method: call __ieee754_lgamma_r
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
extern int signgam;
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_lgamma(double x)
#else
double __ieee754_lgamma(x)
double x;
#endif
{
return __ieee754_lgamma_r(x,&signgam);
}

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/* @(#)e_lgamma_r.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
*/
/* __ieee754_lgamma_r(x, signgamp)
* Reentrant version of the logarithm of the Gamma function
* with user provide pointer for the sign of Gamma(x).
*
* Method:
* 1. Argument Reduction for 0 < x <= 8
* Since gamma(1+s)=s*gamma(s), for x in [0,8], we may
* reduce x to a number in [1.5,2.5] by
* lgamma(1+s) = log(s) + lgamma(s)
* for example,
* lgamma(7.3) = log(6.3) + lgamma(6.3)
* = log(6.3*5.3) + lgamma(5.3)
* = log(6.3*5.3*4.3*3.3*2.3) + lgamma(2.3)
* 2. Polynomial approximation of lgamma around its
* minimun ymin=1.461632144968362245 to maintain monotonicity.
* On [ymin-0.23, ymin+0.27] (i.e., [1.23164,1.73163]), use
* Let z = x-ymin;
* lgamma(x) = -1.214862905358496078218 + z^2*poly(z)
* where
* poly(z) is a 14 degree polynomial.
* 2. Rational approximation in the primary interval [2,3]
* We use the following approximation:
* s = x-2.0;
* lgamma(x) = 0.5*s + s*P(s)/Q(s)
* with accuracy
* |P/Q - (lgamma(x)-0.5s)| < 2**-61.71
* Our algorithms are based on the following observation
*
* zeta(2)-1 2 zeta(3)-1 3
* lgamma(2+s) = s*(1-Euler) + --------- * s - --------- * s + ...
* 2 3
*
* where Euler = 0.5771... is the Euler constant, which is very
* close to 0.5.
*
* 3. For x>=8, we have
* lgamma(x)~(x-0.5)log(x)-x+0.5*log(2pi)+1/(12x)-1/(360x**3)+....
* (better formula:
* lgamma(x)~(x-0.5)*(log(x)-1)-.5*(log(2pi)-1) + ...)
* Let z = 1/x, then we approximation
* f(z) = lgamma(x) - (x-0.5)(log(x)-1)
* by
* 3 5 11
* w = w0 + w1*z + w2*z + w3*z + ... + w6*z
* where
* |w - f(z)| < 2**-58.74
*
* 4. For negative x, since (G is gamma function)
* -x*G(-x)*G(x) = pi/sin(pi*x),
* we have
* G(x) = pi/(sin(pi*x)*(-x)*G(-x))
* since G(-x) is positive, sign(G(x)) = sign(sin(pi*x)) for x<0
* Hence, for x<0, signgam = sign(sin(pi*x)) and
* lgamma(x) = log(|Gamma(x)|)
* = log(pi/(|x*sin(pi*x)|)) - lgamma(-x);
* Note: one should avoid compute pi*(-x) directly in the
* computation of sin(pi*(-x)).
*
* 5. Special Cases
* lgamma(2+s) ~ s*(1-Euler) for tiny s
* lgamma(1)=lgamma(2)=0
* lgamma(x) ~ -log(x) for tiny x
* lgamma(0) = lgamma(inf) = inf
* lgamma(-integer) = +-inf
*
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
two52= 4.50359962737049600000e+15, /* 0x43300000, 0x00000000 */
half= 5.00000000000000000000e-01, /* 0x3FE00000, 0x00000000 */
one = 1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000 */
pi = 3.14159265358979311600e+00, /* 0x400921FB, 0x54442D18 */
a0 = 7.72156649015328655494e-02, /* 0x3FB3C467, 0xE37DB0C8 */
a1 = 3.22467033424113591611e-01, /* 0x3FD4A34C, 0xC4A60FAD */
a2 = 6.73523010531292681824e-02, /* 0x3FB13E00, 0x1A5562A7 */
a3 = 2.05808084325167332806e-02, /* 0x3F951322, 0xAC92547B */
a4 = 7.38555086081402883957e-03, /* 0x3F7E404F, 0xB68FEFE8 */
a5 = 2.89051383673415629091e-03, /* 0x3F67ADD8, 0xCCB7926B */
a6 = 1.19270763183362067845e-03, /* 0x3F538A94, 0x116F3F5D */
a7 = 5.10069792153511336608e-04, /* 0x3F40B6C6, 0x89B99C00 */
a8 = 2.20862790713908385557e-04, /* 0x3F2CF2EC, 0xED10E54D */
a9 = 1.08011567247583939954e-04, /* 0x3F1C5088, 0x987DFB07 */
a10 = 2.52144565451257326939e-05, /* 0x3EFA7074, 0x428CFA52 */
a11 = 4.48640949618915160150e-05, /* 0x3F07858E, 0x90A45837 */
tc = 1.46163214496836224576e+00, /* 0x3FF762D8, 0x6356BE3F */
tf = -1.21486290535849611461e-01, /* 0xBFBF19B9, 0xBCC38A42 */
/* tt = -(tail of tf) */
tt = -3.63867699703950536541e-18, /* 0xBC50C7CA, 0xA48A971F */
t0 = 4.83836122723810047042e-01, /* 0x3FDEF72B, 0xC8EE38A2 */
t1 = -1.47587722994593911752e-01, /* 0xBFC2E427, 0x8DC6C509 */
t2 = 6.46249402391333854778e-02, /* 0x3FB08B42, 0x94D5419B */
t3 = -3.27885410759859649565e-02, /* 0xBFA0C9A8, 0xDF35B713 */
t4 = 1.79706750811820387126e-02, /* 0x3F9266E7, 0x970AF9EC */
t5 = -1.03142241298341437450e-02, /* 0xBF851F9F, 0xBA91EC6A */
t6 = 6.10053870246291332635e-03, /* 0x3F78FCE0, 0xE370E344 */
t7 = -3.68452016781138256760e-03, /* 0xBF6E2EFF, 0xB3E914D7 */
t8 = 2.25964780900612472250e-03, /* 0x3F6282D3, 0x2E15C915 */
t9 = -1.40346469989232843813e-03, /* 0xBF56FE8E, 0xBF2D1AF1 */
t10 = 8.81081882437654011382e-04, /* 0x3F4CDF0C, 0xEF61A8E9 */
t11 = -5.38595305356740546715e-04, /* 0xBF41A610, 0x9C73E0EC */
t12 = 3.15632070903625950361e-04, /* 0x3F34AF6D, 0x6C0EBBF7 */
t13 = -3.12754168375120860518e-04, /* 0xBF347F24, 0xECC38C38 */
t14 = 3.35529192635519073543e-04, /* 0x3F35FD3E, 0xE8C2D3F4 */
u0 = -7.72156649015328655494e-02, /* 0xBFB3C467, 0xE37DB0C8 */
u1 = 6.32827064025093366517e-01, /* 0x3FE4401E, 0x8B005DFF */
u2 = 1.45492250137234768737e+00, /* 0x3FF7475C, 0xD119BD6F */
u3 = 9.77717527963372745603e-01, /* 0x3FEF4976, 0x44EA8450 */
u4 = 2.28963728064692451092e-01, /* 0x3FCD4EAE, 0xF6010924 */
u5 = 1.33810918536787660377e-02, /* 0x3F8B678B, 0xBF2BAB09 */
v1 = 2.45597793713041134822e+00, /* 0x4003A5D7, 0xC2BD619C */
v2 = 2.12848976379893395361e+00, /* 0x40010725, 0xA42B18F5 */
v3 = 7.69285150456672783825e-01, /* 0x3FE89DFB, 0xE45050AF */
v4 = 1.04222645593369134254e-01, /* 0x3FBAAE55, 0xD6537C88 */
v5 = 3.21709242282423911810e-03, /* 0x3F6A5ABB, 0x57D0CF61 */
s0 = -7.72156649015328655494e-02, /* 0xBFB3C467, 0xE37DB0C8 */
s1 = 2.14982415960608852501e-01, /* 0x3FCB848B, 0x36E20878 */
s2 = 3.25778796408930981787e-01, /* 0x3FD4D98F, 0x4F139F59 */
s3 = 1.46350472652464452805e-01, /* 0x3FC2BB9C, 0xBEE5F2F7 */
s4 = 2.66422703033638609560e-02, /* 0x3F9B481C, 0x7E939961 */
s5 = 1.84028451407337715652e-03, /* 0x3F5E26B6, 0x7368F239 */
s6 = 3.19475326584100867617e-05, /* 0x3F00BFEC, 0xDD17E945 */
r1 = 1.39200533467621045958e+00, /* 0x3FF645A7, 0x62C4AB74 */
r2 = 7.21935547567138069525e-01, /* 0x3FE71A18, 0x93D3DCDC */
r3 = 1.71933865632803078993e-01, /* 0x3FC601ED, 0xCCFBDF27 */
r4 = 1.86459191715652901344e-02, /* 0x3F9317EA, 0x742ED475 */
r5 = 7.77942496381893596434e-04, /* 0x3F497DDA, 0xCA41A95B */
r6 = 7.32668430744625636189e-06, /* 0x3EDEBAF7, 0xA5B38140 */
w0 = 4.18938533204672725052e-01, /* 0x3FDACFE3, 0x90C97D69 */
w1 = 8.33333333333329678849e-02, /* 0x3FB55555, 0x5555553B */
w2 = -2.77777777728775536470e-03, /* 0xBF66C16C, 0x16B02E5C */
w3 = 7.93650558643019558500e-04, /* 0x3F4A019F, 0x98CF38B6 */
w4 = -5.95187557450339963135e-04, /* 0xBF4380CB, 0x8C0FE741 */
w5 = 8.36339918996282139126e-04, /* 0x3F4B67BA, 0x4CDAD5D1 */
w6 = -1.63092934096575273989e-03; /* 0xBF5AB89D, 0x0B9E43E4 */
static double zero= 0.00000000000000000000e+00;
#ifdef __STDC__
static double sin_pi(double x)
#else
static double sin_pi(x)
double x;
#endif
{
double y,z;
int n,ix;
ix = 0x7fffffff&__HI(x);
if(ix<0x3fd00000) return __kernel_sin(pi*x,zero,0);
y = -x; /* x is assume negative */
/*
* argument reduction, make sure inexact flag not raised if input
* is an integer
*/
z = floor(y);
if(z!=y) { /* inexact anyway */
y *= 0.5;
y = 2.0*(y - floor(y)); /* y = |x| mod 2.0 */
n = (int) (y*4.0);
} else {
if(ix>=0x43400000) {
y = zero; n = 0; /* y must be even */
} else {
if(ix<0x43300000) z = y+two52; /* exact */
n = __LO(z)&1; /* lower word of z */
y = n;
n<<= 2;
}
}
switch (n) {
case 0: y = __kernel_sin(pi*y,zero,0); break;
case 1:
case 2: y = __kernel_cos(pi*(0.5-y),zero); break;
case 3:
case 4: y = __kernel_sin(pi*(one-y),zero,0); break;
case 5:
case 6: y = -__kernel_cos(pi*(y-1.5),zero); break;
default: y = __kernel_sin(pi*(y-2.0),zero,0); break;
}
return -y;
}
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_lgamma_r(double x, int *signgamp)
#else
double __ieee754_lgamma_r(x,signgamp)
double x; int *signgamp;
#endif
{
double t,y,z,nadj,p,p1,p2,p3,q,r,w;
int i,hx,lx,ix;
hx = __HI(x);
lx = __LO(x);
/* purge off +-inf, NaN, +-0, and negative arguments */
*signgamp = 1;
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) return x*x;
if((ix|lx)==0) return one/zero;
if(ix<0x3b900000) { /* |x|<2**-70, return -log(|x|) */
if(hx<0) {
*signgamp = -1;
return -__ieee754_log(-x);
} else return -__ieee754_log(x);
}
if(hx<0) {
if(ix>=0x43300000) /* |x|>=2**52, must be -integer */
return one/zero;
t = sin_pi(x);
if(t==zero) return one/zero; /* -integer */
nadj = __ieee754_log(pi/fabs(t*x));
if(t<zero) *signgamp = -1;
x = -x;
}
/* purge off 1 and 2 */
if((((ix-0x3ff00000)|lx)==0)||(((ix-0x40000000)|lx)==0)) r = 0;
/* for x < 2.0 */
else if(ix<0x40000000) {
if(ix<=0x3feccccc) { /* lgamma(x) = lgamma(x+1)-log(x) */
r = -__ieee754_log(x);
if(ix>=0x3FE76944) {y = one-x; i= 0;}
else if(ix>=0x3FCDA661) {y= x-(tc-one); i=1;}
else {y = x; i=2;}
} else {
r = zero;
if(ix>=0x3FFBB4C3) {y=2.0-x;i=0;} /* [1.7316,2] */
else if(ix>=0x3FF3B4C4) {y=x-tc;i=1;} /* [1.23,1.73] */
else {y=x-one;i=2;}
}
switch(i) {
case 0:
z = y*y;
p1 = a0+z*(a2+z*(a4+z*(a6+z*(a8+z*a10))));
p2 = z*(a1+z*(a3+z*(a5+z*(a7+z*(a9+z*a11)))));
p = y*p1+p2;
r += (p-0.5*y); break;
case 1:
z = y*y;
w = z*y;
p1 = t0+w*(t3+w*(t6+w*(t9 +w*t12))); /* parallel comp */
p2 = t1+w*(t4+w*(t7+w*(t10+w*t13)));
p3 = t2+w*(t5+w*(t8+w*(t11+w*t14)));
p = z*p1-(tt-w*(p2+y*p3));
r += (tf + p); break;
case 2:
p1 = y*(u0+y*(u1+y*(u2+y*(u3+y*(u4+y*u5)))));
p2 = one+y*(v1+y*(v2+y*(v3+y*(v4+y*v5))));
r += (-0.5*y + p1/p2);
}
}
else if(ix<0x40200000) { /* x < 8.0 */
i = (int)x;
t = zero;
y = x-(double)i;
p = y*(s0+y*(s1+y*(s2+y*(s3+y*(s4+y*(s5+y*s6))))));
q = one+y*(r1+y*(r2+y*(r3+y*(r4+y*(r5+y*r6)))));
r = half*y+p/q;
z = one; /* lgamma(1+s) = log(s) + lgamma(s) */
switch(i) {
case 7: z *= (y+6.0); /* FALLTHRU */
case 6: z *= (y+5.0); /* FALLTHRU */
case 5: z *= (y+4.0); /* FALLTHRU */
case 4: z *= (y+3.0); /* FALLTHRU */
case 3: z *= (y+2.0); /* FALLTHRU */
r += __ieee754_log(z); break;
}
/* 8.0 <= x < 2**58 */
} else if (ix < 0x43900000) {
t = __ieee754_log(x);
z = one/x;
y = z*z;
w = w0+z*(w1+y*(w2+y*(w3+y*(w4+y*(w5+y*w6)))));
r = (x-half)*(t-one)+w;
} else
/* 2**58 <= x <= inf */
r = x*(__ieee754_log(x)-one);
if(hx<0) r = nadj - r;
return r;
}

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/* @(#)e_log.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* __ieee754_log(x)
* Return the logrithm of x
*
* Method :
* 1. Argument Reduction: find k and f such that
* x = 2^k * (1+f),
* where sqrt(2)/2 < 1+f < sqrt(2) .
*
* 2. Approximation of log(1+f).
* Let s = f/(2+f) ; based on log(1+f) = log(1+s) - log(1-s)
* = 2s + 2/3 s**3 + 2/5 s**5 + .....,
* = 2s + s*R
* We use a special Reme algorithm on [0,0.1716] to generate
* a polynomial of degree 14 to approximate R The maximum error
* of this polynomial approximation is bounded by 2**-58.45. In
* other words,
* 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
* R(z) ~ Lg1*s +Lg2*s +Lg3*s +Lg4*s +Lg5*s +Lg6*s +Lg7*s
* (the values of Lg1 to Lg7 are listed in the program)
* and
* | 2 14 | -58.45
* | Lg1*s +...+Lg7*s - R(z) | <= 2
* | |
* Note that 2s = f - s*f = f - hfsq + s*hfsq, where hfsq = f*f/2.
* In order to guarantee error in log below 1ulp, we compute log
* by
* log(1+f) = f - s*(f - R) (if f is not too large)
* log(1+f) = f - (hfsq - s*(hfsq+R)). (better accuracy)
*
* 3. Finally, log(x) = k*ln2 + log(1+f).
* = k*ln2_hi+(f-(hfsq-(s*(hfsq+R)+k*ln2_lo)))
* Here ln2 is split into two floating point number:
* ln2_hi + ln2_lo,
* where n*ln2_hi is always exact for |n| < 2000.
*
* Special cases:
* log(x) is NaN with signal if x < 0 (including -INF) ;
* log(+INF) is +INF; log(0) is -INF with signal;
* log(NaN) is that NaN with no signal.
*
* Accuracy:
* according to an error analysis, the error is always less than
* 1 ulp (unit in the last place).
*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following
* constants. The decimal values may be used, provided that the
* compiler will convert from decimal to binary accurately enough
* to produce the hexadecimal values shown.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
ln2_hi = 6.93147180369123816490e-01, /* 3fe62e42 fee00000 */
ln2_lo = 1.90821492927058770002e-10, /* 3dea39ef 35793c76 */
two54 = 1.80143985094819840000e+16, /* 43500000 00000000 */
Lg1 = 6.666666666666735130e-01, /* 3FE55555 55555593 */
Lg2 = 3.999999999940941908e-01, /* 3FD99999 9997FA04 */
Lg3 = 2.857142874366239149e-01, /* 3FD24924 94229359 */
Lg4 = 2.222219843214978396e-01, /* 3FCC71C5 1D8E78AF */
Lg5 = 1.818357216161805012e-01, /* 3FC74664 96CB03DE */
Lg6 = 1.531383769920937332e-01, /* 3FC39A09 D078C69F */
Lg7 = 1.479819860511658591e-01; /* 3FC2F112 DF3E5244 */
static double zero = 0.0;
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_log(double x)
#else
double __ieee754_log(x)
double x;
#endif
{
double hfsq,f,s,z,R,w,t1,t2,dk;
int k,hx,i,j;
unsigned lx;
hx = __HI(x); /* high word of x */
lx = __LO(x); /* low word of x */
k=0;
if (hx < 0x00100000) { /* x < 2**-1022 */
if (((hx&0x7fffffff)|lx)==0)
return -two54/zero; /* log(+-0)=-inf */
if (hx<0) return (x-x)/zero; /* log(-#) = NaN */
k -= 54; x *= two54; /* subnormal number, scale up x */
hx = __HI(x); /* high word of x */
}
if (hx >= 0x7ff00000) return x+x;
k += (hx>>20)-1023;
hx &= 0x000fffff;
i = (hx+0x95f64)&0x100000;
__HI(x) = hx|(i^0x3ff00000); /* normalize x or x/2 */
k += (i>>20);
f = x-1.0;
if((0x000fffff&(2+hx))<3) { /* |f| < 2**-20 */
if(f==zero) if(k==0) return zero; else {dk=(double)k;
return dk*ln2_hi+dk*ln2_lo;}
R = f*f*(0.5-0.33333333333333333*f);
if(k==0) return f-R; else {dk=(double)k;
return dk*ln2_hi-((R-dk*ln2_lo)-f);}
}
s = f/(2.0+f);
dk = (double)k;
z = s*s;
i = hx-0x6147a;
w = z*z;
j = 0x6b851-hx;
t1= w*(Lg2+w*(Lg4+w*Lg6));
t2= z*(Lg1+w*(Lg3+w*(Lg5+w*Lg7)));
i |= j;
R = t2+t1;
if(i>0) {
hfsq=0.5*f*f;
if(k==0) return f-(hfsq-s*(hfsq+R)); else
return dk*ln2_hi-((hfsq-(s*(hfsq+R)+dk*ln2_lo))-f);
} else {
if(k==0) return f-s*(f-R); else
return dk*ln2_hi-((s*(f-R)-dk*ln2_lo)-f);
}
}

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/* @(#)e_log10.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* __ieee754_log10(x)
* Return the base 10 logarithm of x
*
* Method :
* Let log10_2hi = leading 40 bits of log10(2) and
* log10_2lo = log10(2) - log10_2hi,
* ivln10 = 1/log(10) rounded.
* Then
* n = ilogb(x),
* if(n<0) n = n+1;
* x = scalbn(x,-n);
* log10(x) := n*log10_2hi + (n*log10_2lo + ivln10*log(x))
*
* Note 1:
* To guarantee log10(10**n)=n, where 10**n is normal, the rounding
* mode must set to Round-to-Nearest.
* Note 2:
* [1/log(10)] rounded to 53 bits has error .198 ulps;
* log10 is monotonic at all binary break points.
*
* Special cases:
* log10(x) is NaN with signal if x < 0;
* log10(+INF) is +INF with no signal; log10(0) is -INF with signal;
* log10(NaN) is that NaN with no signal;
* log10(10**N) = N for N=0,1,...,22.
*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following constants.
* The decimal values may be used, provided that the compiler will convert
* from decimal to binary accurately enough to produce the hexadecimal values
* shown.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
two54 = 1.80143985094819840000e+16, /* 0x43500000, 0x00000000 */
ivln10 = 4.34294481903251816668e-01, /* 0x3FDBCB7B, 0x1526E50E */
log10_2hi = 3.01029995663611771306e-01, /* 0x3FD34413, 0x509F6000 */
log10_2lo = 3.69423907715893078616e-13; /* 0x3D59FEF3, 0x11F12B36 */
static double zero = 0.0;
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_log10(double x)
#else
double __ieee754_log10(x)
double x;
#endif
{
double y,z;
int i,k,hx;
unsigned lx;
hx = __HI(x); /* high word of x */
lx = __LO(x); /* low word of x */
k=0;
if (hx < 0x00100000) { /* x < 2**-1022 */
if (((hx&0x7fffffff)|lx)==0)
return -two54/zero; /* log(+-0)=-inf */
if (hx<0) return (x-x)/zero; /* log(-#) = NaN */
k -= 54; x *= two54; /* subnormal number, scale up x */
hx = __HI(x); /* high word of x */
}
if (hx >= 0x7ff00000) return x+x;
k += (hx>>20)-1023;
i = ((unsigned)k&0x80000000)>>31;
hx = (hx&0x000fffff)|((0x3ff-i)<<20);
y = (double)(k+i);
__HI(x) = hx;
z = y*log10_2lo + ivln10*__ieee754_log(x);
return z+y*log10_2hi;
}

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#ifndef lint
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)e_pow.c 1.5 04/04/22 SMI";
#endif
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 2004 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* __ieee754_pow(x,y) return x**y
*
* n
* Method: Let x = 2 * (1+f)
* 1. Compute and return log2(x) in two pieces:
* log2(x) = w1 + w2,
* where w1 has 53-24 = 29 bit trailing zeros.
* 2. Perform y*log2(x) = n+y' by simulating muti-precision
* arithmetic, where |y'|<=0.5.
* 3. Return x**y = 2**n*exp(y'*log2)
*
* Special cases:
* 1. (anything) ** 0 is 1
* 2. (anything) ** 1 is itself
* 3. (anything) ** NAN is NAN
* 4. NAN ** (anything except 0) is NAN
* 5. +-(|x| > 1) ** +INF is +INF
* 6. +-(|x| > 1) ** -INF is +0
* 7. +-(|x| < 1) ** +INF is +0
* 8. +-(|x| < 1) ** -INF is +INF
* 9. +-1 ** +-INF is NAN
* 10. +0 ** (+anything except 0, NAN) is +0
* 11. -0 ** (+anything except 0, NAN, odd integer) is +0
* 12. +0 ** (-anything except 0, NAN) is +INF
* 13. -0 ** (-anything except 0, NAN, odd integer) is +INF
* 14. -0 ** (odd integer) = -( +0 ** (odd integer) )
* 15. +INF ** (+anything except 0,NAN) is +INF
* 16. +INF ** (-anything except 0,NAN) is +0
* 17. -INF ** (anything) = -0 ** (-anything)
* 18. (-anything) ** (integer) is (-1)**(integer)*(+anything**integer)
* 19. (-anything except 0 and inf) ** (non-integer) is NAN
*
* Accuracy:
* pow(x,y) returns x**y nearly rounded. In particular
* pow(integer,integer)
* always returns the correct integer provided it is
* representable.
*
* Constants :
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following
* constants. The decimal values may be used, provided that the
* compiler will convert from decimal to binary accurately enough
* to produce the hexadecimal values shown.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
bp[] = {1.0, 1.5,},
dp_h[] = { 0.0, 5.84962487220764160156e-01,}, /* 0x3FE2B803, 0x40000000 */
dp_l[] = { 0.0, 1.35003920212974897128e-08,}, /* 0x3E4CFDEB, 0x43CFD006 */
zero = 0.0,
one = 1.0,
two = 2.0,
two53 = 9007199254740992.0, /* 0x43400000, 0x00000000 */
huge = 1.0e300,
tiny = 1.0e-300,
/* poly coefs for (3/2)*(log(x)-2s-2/3*s**3 */
L1 = 5.99999999999994648725e-01, /* 0x3FE33333, 0x33333303 */
L2 = 4.28571428578550184252e-01, /* 0x3FDB6DB6, 0xDB6FABFF */
L3 = 3.33333329818377432918e-01, /* 0x3FD55555, 0x518F264D */
L4 = 2.72728123808534006489e-01, /* 0x3FD17460, 0xA91D4101 */
L5 = 2.30660745775561754067e-01, /* 0x3FCD864A, 0x93C9DB65 */
L6 = 2.06975017800338417784e-01, /* 0x3FCA7E28, 0x4A454EEF */
P1 = 1.66666666666666019037e-01, /* 0x3FC55555, 0x5555553E */
P2 = -2.77777777770155933842e-03, /* 0xBF66C16C, 0x16BEBD93 */
P3 = 6.61375632143793436117e-05, /* 0x3F11566A, 0xAF25DE2C */
P4 = -1.65339022054652515390e-06, /* 0xBEBBBD41, 0xC5D26BF1 */
P5 = 4.13813679705723846039e-08, /* 0x3E663769, 0x72BEA4D0 */
lg2 = 6.93147180559945286227e-01, /* 0x3FE62E42, 0xFEFA39EF */
lg2_h = 6.93147182464599609375e-01, /* 0x3FE62E43, 0x00000000 */
lg2_l = -1.90465429995776804525e-09, /* 0xBE205C61, 0x0CA86C39 */
ovt = 8.0085662595372944372e-0017, /* -(1024-log2(ovfl+.5ulp)) */
cp = 9.61796693925975554329e-01, /* 0x3FEEC709, 0xDC3A03FD =2/(3ln2) */
cp_h = 9.61796700954437255859e-01, /* 0x3FEEC709, 0xE0000000 =(float)cp */
cp_l = -7.02846165095275826516e-09, /* 0xBE3E2FE0, 0x145B01F5 =tail of cp_h*/
ivln2 = 1.44269504088896338700e+00, /* 0x3FF71547, 0x652B82FE =1/ln2 */
ivln2_h = 1.44269502162933349609e+00, /* 0x3FF71547, 0x60000000 =24b 1/ln2*/
ivln2_l = 1.92596299112661746887e-08; /* 0x3E54AE0B, 0xF85DDF44 =1/ln2 tail*/
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_pow(double x, double y)
#else
double __ieee754_pow(x,y)
double x, y;
#endif
{
double z,ax,z_h,z_l,p_h,p_l;
double y1,t1,t2,r,s,t,u,v,w;
int i0,i1,i,j,k,yisint,n;
int hx,hy,ix,iy;
unsigned lx,ly;
i0 = ((*(int*)&one)>>29)^1; i1=1-i0;
hx = __HI(x); lx = __LO(x);
hy = __HI(y); ly = __LO(y);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff; iy = hy&0x7fffffff;
/* y==zero: x**0 = 1 */
if((iy|ly)==0) return one;
/* +-NaN return x+y */
if(ix > 0x7ff00000 || ((ix==0x7ff00000)&&(lx!=0)) ||
iy > 0x7ff00000 || ((iy==0x7ff00000)&&(ly!=0)))
return x+y;
/* determine if y is an odd int when x < 0
* yisint = 0 ... y is not an integer
* yisint = 1 ... y is an odd int
* yisint = 2 ... y is an even int
*/
yisint = 0;
if(hx<0) {
if(iy>=0x43400000) yisint = 2; /* even integer y */
else if(iy>=0x3ff00000) {
k = (iy>>20)-0x3ff; /* exponent */
if(k>20) {
j = ly>>(52-k);
if((j<<(52-k))==ly) yisint = 2-(j&1);
} else if(ly==0) {
j = iy>>(20-k);
if((j<<(20-k))==iy) yisint = 2-(j&1);
}
}
}
/* special value of y */
if(ly==0) {
if (iy==0x7ff00000) { /* y is +-inf */
if(((ix-0x3ff00000)|lx)==0)
return y - y; /* inf**+-1 is NaN */
else if (ix >= 0x3ff00000)/* (|x|>1)**+-inf = inf,0 */
return (hy>=0)? y: zero;
else /* (|x|<1)**-,+inf = inf,0 */
return (hy<0)?-y: zero;
}
if(iy==0x3ff00000) { /* y is +-1 */
if(hy<0) return one/x; else return x;
}
if(hy==0x40000000) return x*x; /* y is 2 */
if(hy==0x3fe00000) { /* y is 0.5 */
if(hx>=0) /* x >= +0 */
return sqrt(x);
}
}
ax = fabs(x);
/* special value of x */
if(lx==0) {
if(ix==0x7ff00000||ix==0||ix==0x3ff00000){
z = ax; /*x is +-0,+-inf,+-1*/
if(hy<0) z = one/z; /* z = (1/|x|) */
if(hx<0) {
if(((ix-0x3ff00000)|yisint)==0) {
z = (z-z)/(z-z); /* (-1)**non-int is NaN */
} else if(yisint==1)
z = -z; /* (x<0)**odd = -(|x|**odd) */
}
return z;
}
}
n = (hx>>31)+1;
/* (x<0)**(non-int) is NaN */
if((n|yisint)==0) return (x-x)/(x-x);
s = one; /* s (sign of result -ve**odd) = -1 else = 1 */
if((n|(yisint-1))==0) s = -one;/* (-ve)**(odd int) */
/* |y| is huge */
if(iy>0x41e00000) { /* if |y| > 2**31 */
if(iy>0x43f00000){ /* if |y| > 2**64, must o/uflow */
if(ix<=0x3fefffff) return (hy<0)? huge*huge:tiny*tiny;
if(ix>=0x3ff00000) return (hy>0)? huge*huge:tiny*tiny;
}
/* over/underflow if x is not close to one */
if(ix<0x3fefffff) return (hy<0)? s*huge*huge:s*tiny*tiny;
if(ix>0x3ff00000) return (hy>0)? s*huge*huge:s*tiny*tiny;
/* now |1-x| is tiny <= 2**-20, suffice to compute
log(x) by x-x^2/2+x^3/3-x^4/4 */
t = ax-one; /* t has 20 trailing zeros */
w = (t*t)*(0.5-t*(0.3333333333333333333333-t*0.25));
u = ivln2_h*t; /* ivln2_h has 21 sig. bits */
v = t*ivln2_l-w*ivln2;
t1 = u+v;
__LO(t1) = 0;
t2 = v-(t1-u);
} else {
double ss,s2,s_h,s_l,t_h,t_l;
n = 0;
/* take care subnormal number */
if(ix<0x00100000)
{ax *= two53; n -= 53; ix = __HI(ax); }
n += ((ix)>>20)-0x3ff;
j = ix&0x000fffff;
/* determine interval */
ix = j|0x3ff00000; /* normalize ix */
if(j<=0x3988E) k=0; /* |x|<sqrt(3/2) */
else if(j<0xBB67A) k=1; /* |x|<sqrt(3) */
else {k=0;n+=1;ix -= 0x00100000;}
__HI(ax) = ix;
/* compute ss = s_h+s_l = (x-1)/(x+1) or (x-1.5)/(x+1.5) */
u = ax-bp[k]; /* bp[0]=1.0, bp[1]=1.5 */
v = one/(ax+bp[k]);
ss = u*v;
s_h = ss;
__LO(s_h) = 0;
/* t_h=ax+bp[k] High */
t_h = zero;
__HI(t_h)=((ix>>1)|0x20000000)+0x00080000+(k<<18);
t_l = ax - (t_h-bp[k]);
s_l = v*((u-s_h*t_h)-s_h*t_l);
/* compute log(ax) */
s2 = ss*ss;
r = s2*s2*(L1+s2*(L2+s2*(L3+s2*(L4+s2*(L5+s2*L6)))));
r += s_l*(s_h+ss);
s2 = s_h*s_h;
t_h = 3.0+s2+r;
__LO(t_h) = 0;
t_l = r-((t_h-3.0)-s2);
/* u+v = ss*(1+...) */
u = s_h*t_h;
v = s_l*t_h+t_l*ss;
/* 2/(3log2)*(ss+...) */
p_h = u+v;
__LO(p_h) = 0;
p_l = v-(p_h-u);
z_h = cp_h*p_h; /* cp_h+cp_l = 2/(3*log2) */
z_l = cp_l*p_h+p_l*cp+dp_l[k];
/* log2(ax) = (ss+..)*2/(3*log2) = n + dp_h + z_h + z_l */
t = (double)n;
t1 = (((z_h+z_l)+dp_h[k])+t);
__LO(t1) = 0;
t2 = z_l-(((t1-t)-dp_h[k])-z_h);
}
/* split up y into y1+y2 and compute (y1+y2)*(t1+t2) */
y1 = y;
__LO(y1) = 0;
p_l = (y-y1)*t1+y*t2;
p_h = y1*t1;
z = p_l+p_h;
j = __HI(z);
i = __LO(z);
if (j>=0x40900000) { /* z >= 1024 */
if(((j-0x40900000)|i)!=0) /* if z > 1024 */
return s*huge*huge; /* overflow */
else {
if(p_l+ovt>z-p_h) return s*huge*huge; /* overflow */
}
} else if((j&0x7fffffff)>=0x4090cc00 ) { /* z <= -1075 */
if(((j-0xc090cc00)|i)!=0) /* z < -1075 */
return s*tiny*tiny; /* underflow */
else {
if(p_l<=z-p_h) return s*tiny*tiny; /* underflow */
}
}
/*
* compute 2**(p_h+p_l)
*/
i = j&0x7fffffff;
k = (i>>20)-0x3ff;
n = 0;
if(i>0x3fe00000) { /* if |z| > 0.5, set n = [z+0.5] */
n = j+(0x00100000>>(k+1));
k = ((n&0x7fffffff)>>20)-0x3ff; /* new k for n */
t = zero;
__HI(t) = (n&~(0x000fffff>>k));
n = ((n&0x000fffff)|0x00100000)>>(20-k);
if(j<0) n = -n;
p_h -= t;
}
t = p_l+p_h;
__LO(t) = 0;
u = t*lg2_h;
v = (p_l-(t-p_h))*lg2+t*lg2_l;
z = u+v;
w = v-(z-u);
t = z*z;
t1 = z - t*(P1+t*(P2+t*(P3+t*(P4+t*P5))));
r = (z*t1)/(t1-two)-(w+z*w);
z = one-(r-z);
j = __HI(z);
j += (n<<20);
if((j>>20)<=0) z = scalbn(z,n); /* subnormal output */
else __HI(z) += (n<<20);
return s*z;
}

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/* @(#)e_rem_pio2.c 1.4 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
*/
/* __ieee754_rem_pio2(x,y)
*
* return the remainder of x rem pi/2 in y[0]+y[1]
* use __kernel_rem_pio2()
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
/*
* Table of constants for 2/pi, 396 Hex digits (476 decimal) of 2/pi
*/
#ifdef __STDC__
static const int two_over_pi[] = {
#else
static int two_over_pi[] = {
#endif
0xA2F983, 0x6E4E44, 0x1529FC, 0x2757D1, 0xF534DD, 0xC0DB62,
0x95993C, 0x439041, 0xFE5163, 0xABDEBB, 0xC561B7, 0x246E3A,
0x424DD2, 0xE00649, 0x2EEA09, 0xD1921C, 0xFE1DEB, 0x1CB129,
0xA73EE8, 0x8235F5, 0x2EBB44, 0x84E99C, 0x7026B4, 0x5F7E41,
0x3991D6, 0x398353, 0x39F49C, 0x845F8B, 0xBDF928, 0x3B1FF8,
0x97FFDE, 0x05980F, 0xEF2F11, 0x8B5A0A, 0x6D1F6D, 0x367ECF,
0x27CB09, 0xB74F46, 0x3F669E, 0x5FEA2D, 0x7527BA, 0xC7EBE5,
0xF17B3D, 0x0739F7, 0x8A5292, 0xEA6BFB, 0x5FB11F, 0x8D5D08,
0x560330, 0x46FC7B, 0x6BABF0, 0xCFBC20, 0x9AF436, 0x1DA9E3,
0x91615E, 0xE61B08, 0x659985, 0x5F14A0, 0x68408D, 0xFFD880,
0x4D7327, 0x310606, 0x1556CA, 0x73A8C9, 0x60E27B, 0xC08C6B,
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const int npio2_hw[] = {
#else
static int npio2_hw[] = {
#endif
0x3FF921FB, 0x400921FB, 0x4012D97C, 0x401921FB, 0x401F6A7A, 0x4022D97C,
0x4025FDBB, 0x402921FB, 0x402C463A, 0x402F6A7A, 0x4031475C, 0x4032D97C,
0x40346B9C, 0x4035FDBB, 0x40378FDB, 0x403921FB, 0x403AB41B, 0x403C463A,
0x403DD85A, 0x403F6A7A, 0x40407E4C, 0x4041475C, 0x4042106C, 0x4042D97C,
0x4043A28C, 0x40446B9C, 0x404534AC, 0x4045FDBB, 0x4046C6CB, 0x40478FDB,
0x404858EB, 0x404921FB,
};
/*
* invpio2: 53 bits of 2/pi
* pio2_1: first 33 bit of pi/2
* pio2_1t: pi/2 - pio2_1
* pio2_2: second 33 bit of pi/2
* pio2_2t: pi/2 - (pio2_1+pio2_2)
* pio2_3: third 33 bit of pi/2
* pio2_3t: pi/2 - (pio2_1+pio2_2+pio2_3)
*/
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
zero = 0.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x00000000, 0x00000000 */
half = 5.00000000000000000000e-01, /* 0x3FE00000, 0x00000000 */
two24 = 1.67772160000000000000e+07, /* 0x41700000, 0x00000000 */
invpio2 = 6.36619772367581382433e-01, /* 0x3FE45F30, 0x6DC9C883 */
pio2_1 = 1.57079632673412561417e+00, /* 0x3FF921FB, 0x54400000 */
pio2_1t = 6.07710050650619224932e-11, /* 0x3DD0B461, 0x1A626331 */
pio2_2 = 6.07710050630396597660e-11, /* 0x3DD0B461, 0x1A600000 */
pio2_2t = 2.02226624879595063154e-21, /* 0x3BA3198A, 0x2E037073 */
pio2_3 = 2.02226624871116645580e-21, /* 0x3BA3198A, 0x2E000000 */
pio2_3t = 8.47842766036889956997e-32; /* 0x397B839A, 0x252049C1 */
#ifdef __STDC__
int __ieee754_rem_pio2(double x, double *y)
#else
int __ieee754_rem_pio2(x,y)
double x,y[];
#endif
{
double z,w,t,r,fn;
double tx[3];
int e0,i,j,nx,n,ix,hx;
hx = __HI(x); /* high word of x */
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix<=0x3fe921fb) /* |x| ~<= pi/4 , no need for reduction */
{y[0] = x; y[1] = 0; return 0;}
if(ix<0x4002d97c) { /* |x| < 3pi/4, special case with n=+-1 */
if(hx>0) {
z = x - pio2_1;
if(ix!=0x3ff921fb) { /* 33+53 bit pi is good enough */
y[0] = z - pio2_1t;
y[1] = (z-y[0])-pio2_1t;
} else { /* near pi/2, use 33+33+53 bit pi */
z -= pio2_2;
y[0] = z - pio2_2t;
y[1] = (z-y[0])-pio2_2t;
}
return 1;
} else { /* negative x */
z = x + pio2_1;
if(ix!=0x3ff921fb) { /* 33+53 bit pi is good enough */
y[0] = z + pio2_1t;
y[1] = (z-y[0])+pio2_1t;
} else { /* near pi/2, use 33+33+53 bit pi */
z += pio2_2;
y[0] = z + pio2_2t;
y[1] = (z-y[0])+pio2_2t;
}
return -1;
}
}
if(ix<=0x413921fb) { /* |x| ~<= 2^19*(pi/2), medium size */
t = fabs(x);
n = (int) (t*invpio2+half);
fn = (double)n;
r = t-fn*pio2_1;
w = fn*pio2_1t; /* 1st round good to 85 bit */
if(n<32&&ix!=npio2_hw[n-1]) {
y[0] = r-w; /* quick check no cancellation */
} else {
j = ix>>20;
y[0] = r-w;
i = j-(((__HI(y[0]))>>20)&0x7ff);
if(i>16) { /* 2nd iteration needed, good to 118 */
t = r;
w = fn*pio2_2;
r = t-w;
w = fn*pio2_2t-((t-r)-w);
y[0] = r-w;
i = j-(((__HI(y[0]))>>20)&0x7ff);
if(i>49) { /* 3rd iteration need, 151 bits acc */
t = r; /* will cover all possible cases */
w = fn*pio2_3;
r = t-w;
w = fn*pio2_3t-((t-r)-w);
y[0] = r-w;
}
}
}
y[1] = (r-y[0])-w;
if(hx<0) {y[0] = -y[0]; y[1] = -y[1]; return -n;}
else return n;
}
/*
* all other (large) arguments
*/
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) { /* x is inf or NaN */
y[0]=y[1]=x-x; return 0;
}
/* set z = scalbn(|x|,ilogb(x)-23) */
__LO(z) = __LO(x);
e0 = (ix>>20)-1046; /* e0 = ilogb(z)-23; */
__HI(z) = ix - (e0<<20);
for(i=0;i<2;i++) {
tx[i] = (double)((int)(z));
z = (z-tx[i])*two24;
}
tx[2] = z;
nx = 3;
while(tx[nx-1]==zero) nx--; /* skip zero term */
n = __kernel_rem_pio2(tx,y,e0,nx,2,two_over_pi);
if(hx<0) {y[0] = -y[0]; y[1] = -y[1]; return -n;}
return n;
}

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/* @(#)e_remainder.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* __ieee754_remainder(x,p)
* Return :
* returns x REM p = x - [x/p]*p as if in infinite
* precise arithmetic, where [x/p] is the (infinite bit)
* integer nearest x/p (in half way case choose the even one).
* Method :
* Based on fmod() return x-[x/p]chopped*p exactlp.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double zero = 0.0;
#else
static double zero = 0.0;
#endif
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_remainder(double x, double p)
#else
double __ieee754_remainder(x,p)
double x,p;
#endif
{
int hx,hp;
unsigned sx,lx,lp;
double p_half;
hx = __HI(x); /* high word of x */
lx = __LO(x); /* low word of x */
hp = __HI(p); /* high word of p */
lp = __LO(p); /* low word of p */
sx = hx&0x80000000;
hp &= 0x7fffffff;
hx &= 0x7fffffff;
/* purge off exception values */
if((hp|lp)==0) return (x*p)/(x*p); /* p = 0 */
if((hx>=0x7ff00000)|| /* x not finite */
((hp>=0x7ff00000)&& /* p is NaN */
(((hp-0x7ff00000)|lp)!=0)))
return (x*p)/(x*p);
if (hp<=0x7fdfffff) x = __ieee754_fmod(x,p+p); /* now x < 2p */
if (((hx-hp)|(lx-lp))==0) return zero*x;
x = fabs(x);
p = fabs(p);
if (hp<0x00200000) {
if(x+x>p) {
x-=p;
if(x+x>=p) x -= p;
}
} else {
p_half = 0.5*p;
if(x>p_half) {
x-=p;
if(x>=p_half) x -= p;
}
}
__HI(x) ^= sx;
return x;
}

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/* @(#)e_scalb.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* __ieee754_scalb(x, fn) is provide for
* passing various standard test suite. One
* should use scalbn() instead.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef _SCALB_INT
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_scalb(double x, int fn)
#else
double __ieee754_scalb(x,fn)
double x; int fn;
#endif
#else
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_scalb(double x, double fn)
#else
double __ieee754_scalb(x,fn)
double x, fn;
#endif
#endif
{
#ifdef _SCALB_INT
return scalbn(x,fn);
#else
if (isnan(x)||isnan(fn)) return x*fn;
if (!finite(fn)) {
if(fn>0.0) return x*fn;
else return x/(-fn);
}
if (rint(fn)!=fn) return (fn-fn)/(fn-fn);
if ( fn > 65000.0) return scalbn(x, 65000);
if (-fn > 65000.0) return scalbn(x,-65000);
return scalbn(x,(int)fn);
#endif
}

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/* @(#)e_sinh.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* __ieee754_sinh(x)
* Method :
* mathematically sinh(x) if defined to be (exp(x)-exp(-x))/2
* 1. Replace x by |x| (sinh(-x) = -sinh(x)).
* 2.
* E + E/(E+1)
* 0 <= x <= 22 : sinh(x) := --------------, E=expm1(x)
* 2
*
* 22 <= x <= lnovft : sinh(x) := exp(x)/2
* lnovft <= x <= ln2ovft: sinh(x) := exp(x/2)/2 * exp(x/2)
* ln2ovft < x : sinh(x) := x*shuge (overflow)
*
* Special cases:
* sinh(x) is |x| if x is +INF, -INF, or NaN.
* only sinh(0)=0 is exact for finite x.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double one = 1.0, shuge = 1.0e307;
#else
static double one = 1.0, shuge = 1.0e307;
#endif
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_sinh(double x)
#else
double __ieee754_sinh(x)
double x;
#endif
{
double t,w,h;
int ix,jx;
unsigned lx;
/* High word of |x|. */
jx = __HI(x);
ix = jx&0x7fffffff;
/* x is INF or NaN */
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) return x+x;
h = 0.5;
if (jx<0) h = -h;
/* |x| in [0,22], return sign(x)*0.5*(E+E/(E+1))) */
if (ix < 0x40360000) { /* |x|<22 */
if (ix<0x3e300000) /* |x|<2**-28 */
if(shuge+x>one) return x;/* sinh(tiny) = tiny with inexact */
t = expm1(fabs(x));
if(ix<0x3ff00000) return h*(2.0*t-t*t/(t+one));
return h*(t+t/(t+one));
}
/* |x| in [22, log(maxdouble)] return 0.5*exp(|x|) */
if (ix < 0x40862E42) return h*__ieee754_exp(fabs(x));
/* |x| in [log(maxdouble), overflowthresold] */
lx = *( (((*(unsigned*)&one)>>29)) + (unsigned*)&x);
if (ix<0x408633CE || (ix==0x408633ce)&&(lx<=(unsigned)0x8fb9f87d)) {
w = __ieee754_exp(0.5*fabs(x));
t = h*w;
return t*w;
}
/* |x| > overflowthresold, sinh(x) overflow */
return x*shuge;
}

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/* @(#)e_sqrt.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* __ieee754_sqrt(x)
* Return correctly rounded sqrt.
* ------------------------------------------
* | Use the hardware sqrt if you have one |
* ------------------------------------------
* Method:
* Bit by bit method using integer arithmetic. (Slow, but portable)
* 1. Normalization
* Scale x to y in [1,4) with even powers of 2:
* find an integer k such that 1 <= (y=x*2^(2k)) < 4, then
* sqrt(x) = 2^k * sqrt(y)
* 2. Bit by bit computation
* Let q = sqrt(y) truncated to i bit after binary point (q = 1),
* i 0
* i+1 2
* s = 2*q , and y = 2 * ( y - q ). (1)
* i i i i
*
* To compute q from q , one checks whether
* i+1 i
*
* -(i+1) 2
* (q + 2 ) <= y. (2)
* i
* -(i+1)
* If (2) is false, then q = q ; otherwise q = q + 2 .
* i+1 i i+1 i
*
* With some algebric manipulation, it is not difficult to see
* that (2) is equivalent to
* -(i+1)
* s + 2 <= y (3)
* i i
*
* The advantage of (3) is that s and y can be computed by
* i i
* the following recurrence formula:
* if (3) is false
*
* s = s , y = y ; (4)
* i+1 i i+1 i
*
* otherwise,
* -i -(i+1)
* s = s + 2 , y = y - s - 2 (5)
* i+1 i i+1 i i
*
* One may easily use induction to prove (4) and (5).
* Note. Since the left hand side of (3) contain only i+2 bits,
* it does not necessary to do a full (53-bit) comparison
* in (3).
* 3. Final rounding
* After generating the 53 bits result, we compute one more bit.
* Together with the remainder, we can decide whether the
* result is exact, bigger than 1/2ulp, or less than 1/2ulp
* (it will never equal to 1/2ulp).
* The rounding mode can be detected by checking whether
* huge + tiny is equal to huge, and whether huge - tiny is
* equal to huge for some floating point number "huge" and "tiny".
*
* Special cases:
* sqrt(+-0) = +-0 ... exact
* sqrt(inf) = inf
* sqrt(-ve) = NaN ... with invalid signal
* sqrt(NaN) = NaN ... with invalid signal for signaling NaN
*
* Other methods : see the appended file at the end of the program below.
*---------------
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double one = 1.0, tiny=1.0e-300;
#else
static double one = 1.0, tiny=1.0e-300;
#endif
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_sqrt(double x)
#else
double __ieee754_sqrt(x)
double x;
#endif
{
double z;
int sign = (int)0x80000000;
unsigned r,t1,s1,ix1,q1;
int ix0,s0,q,m,t,i;
ix0 = __HI(x); /* high word of x */
ix1 = __LO(x); /* low word of x */
/* take care of Inf and NaN */
if((ix0&0x7ff00000)==0x7ff00000) {
return x*x+x; /* sqrt(NaN)=NaN, sqrt(+inf)=+inf
sqrt(-inf)=sNaN */
}
/* take care of zero */
if(ix0<=0) {
if(((ix0&(~sign))|ix1)==0) return x;/* sqrt(+-0) = +-0 */
else if(ix0<0)
return (x-x)/(x-x); /* sqrt(-ve) = sNaN */
}
/* normalize x */
m = (ix0>>20);
if(m==0) { /* subnormal x */
while(ix0==0) {
m -= 21;
ix0 |= (ix1>>11); ix1 <<= 21;
}
for(i=0;(ix0&0x00100000)==0;i++) ix0<<=1;
m -= i-1;
ix0 |= (ix1>>(32-i));
ix1 <<= i;
}
m -= 1023; /* unbias exponent */
ix0 = (ix0&0x000fffff)|0x00100000;
if(m&1){ /* odd m, double x to make it even */
ix0 += ix0 + ((ix1&sign)>>31);
ix1 += ix1;
}
m >>= 1; /* m = [m/2] */
/* generate sqrt(x) bit by bit */
ix0 += ix0 + ((ix1&sign)>>31);
ix1 += ix1;
q = q1 = s0 = s1 = 0; /* [q,q1] = sqrt(x) */
r = 0x00200000; /* r = moving bit from right to left */
while(r!=0) {
t = s0+r;
if(t<=ix0) {
s0 = t+r;
ix0 -= t;
q += r;
}
ix0 += ix0 + ((ix1&sign)>>31);
ix1 += ix1;
r>>=1;
}
r = sign;
while(r!=0) {
t1 = s1+r;
t = s0;
if((t<ix0)||((t==ix0)&&(t1<=ix1))) {
s1 = t1+r;
if(((t1&sign)==sign)&&(s1&sign)==0) s0 += 1;
ix0 -= t;
if (ix1 < t1) ix0 -= 1;
ix1 -= t1;
q1 += r;
}
ix0 += ix0 + ((ix1&sign)>>31);
ix1 += ix1;
r>>=1;
}
/* use floating add to find out rounding direction */
if((ix0|ix1)!=0) {
z = one-tiny; /* trigger inexact flag */
if (z>=one) {
z = one+tiny;
if (q1==(unsigned)0xffffffff) { q1=0; q += 1;}
else if (z>one) {
if (q1==(unsigned)0xfffffffe) q+=1;
q1+=2;
} else
q1 += (q1&1);
}
}
ix0 = (q>>1)+0x3fe00000;
ix1 = q1>>1;
if ((q&1)==1) ix1 |= sign;
ix0 += (m <<20);
__HI(z) = ix0;
__LO(z) = ix1;
return z;
}
/*
Other methods (use floating-point arithmetic)
-------------
(This is a copy of a drafted paper by Prof W. Kahan
and K.C. Ng, written in May, 1986)
Two algorithms are given here to implement sqrt(x)
(IEEE double precision arithmetic) in software.
Both supply sqrt(x) correctly rounded. The first algorithm (in
Section A) uses newton iterations and involves four divisions.
The second one uses reciproot iterations to avoid division, but
requires more multiplications. Both algorithms need the ability
to chop results of arithmetic operations instead of round them,
and the INEXACT flag to indicate when an arithmetic operation
is executed exactly with no roundoff error, all part of the
standard (IEEE 754-1985). The ability to perform shift, add,
subtract and logical AND operations upon 32-bit words is needed
too, though not part of the standard.
A. sqrt(x) by Newton Iteration
(1) Initial approximation
Let x0 and x1 be the leading and the trailing 32-bit words of
a floating point number x (in IEEE double format) respectively
1 11 52 ...widths
------------------------------------------------------
x: |s| e | f |
------------------------------------------------------
msb lsb msb lsb ...order
------------------------ ------------------------
x0: |s| e | f1 | x1: | f2 |
------------------------ ------------------------
By performing shifts and subtracts on x0 and x1 (both regarded
as integers), we obtain an 8-bit approximation of sqrt(x) as
follows.
k := (x0>>1) + 0x1ff80000;
y0 := k - T1[31&(k>>15)]. ... y ~ sqrt(x) to 8 bits
Here k is a 32-bit integer and T1[] is an integer array containing
correction terms. Now magically the floating value of y (y's
leading 32-bit word is y0, the value of its trailing word is 0)
approximates sqrt(x) to almost 8-bit.
Value of T1:
static int T1[32]= {
0, 1024, 3062, 5746, 9193, 13348, 18162, 23592,
29598, 36145, 43202, 50740, 58733, 67158, 75992, 85215,
83599, 71378, 60428, 50647, 41945, 34246, 27478, 21581,
16499, 12183, 8588, 5674, 3403, 1742, 661, 130,};
(2) Iterative refinement
Apply Heron's rule three times to y, we have y approximates
sqrt(x) to within 1 ulp (Unit in the Last Place):
y := (y+x/y)/2 ... almost 17 sig. bits
y := (y+x/y)/2 ... almost 35 sig. bits
y := y-(y-x/y)/2 ... within 1 ulp
Remark 1.
Another way to improve y to within 1 ulp is:
y := (y+x/y) ... almost 17 sig. bits to 2*sqrt(x)
y := y - 0x00100006 ... almost 18 sig. bits to sqrt(x)
2
(x-y )*y
y := y + 2* ---------- ...within 1 ulp
2
3y + x
This formula has one division fewer than the one above; however,
it requires more multiplications and additions. Also x must be
scaled in advance to avoid spurious overflow in evaluating the
expression 3y*y+x. Hence it is not recommended uless division
is slow. If division is very slow, then one should use the
reciproot algorithm given in section B.
(3) Final adjustment
By twiddling y's last bit it is possible to force y to be
correctly rounded according to the prevailing rounding mode
as follows. Let r and i be copies of the rounding mode and
inexact flag before entering the square root program. Also we
use the expression y+-ulp for the next representable floating
numbers (up and down) of y. Note that y+-ulp = either fixed
point y+-1, or multiply y by nextafter(1,+-inf) in chopped
mode.
I := FALSE; ... reset INEXACT flag I
R := RZ; ... set rounding mode to round-toward-zero
z := x/y; ... chopped quotient, possibly inexact
If(not I) then { ... if the quotient is exact
if(z=y) {
I := i; ... restore inexact flag
R := r; ... restore rounded mode
return sqrt(x):=y.
} else {
z := z - ulp; ... special rounding
}
}
i := TRUE; ... sqrt(x) is inexact
If (r=RN) then z=z+ulp ... rounded-to-nearest
If (r=RP) then { ... round-toward-+inf
y = y+ulp; z=z+ulp;
}
y := y+z; ... chopped sum
y0:=y0-0x00100000; ... y := y/2 is correctly rounded.
I := i; ... restore inexact flag
R := r; ... restore rounded mode
return sqrt(x):=y.
(4) Special cases
Square root of +inf, +-0, or NaN is itself;
Square root of a negative number is NaN with invalid signal.
B. sqrt(x) by Reciproot Iteration
(1) Initial approximation
Let x0 and x1 be the leading and the trailing 32-bit words of
a floating point number x (in IEEE double format) respectively
(see section A). By performing shifs and subtracts on x0 and y0,
we obtain a 7.8-bit approximation of 1/sqrt(x) as follows.
k := 0x5fe80000 - (x0>>1);
y0:= k - T2[63&(k>>14)]. ... y ~ 1/sqrt(x) to 7.8 bits
Here k is a 32-bit integer and T2[] is an integer array
containing correction terms. Now magically the floating
value of y (y's leading 32-bit word is y0, the value of
its trailing word y1 is set to zero) approximates 1/sqrt(x)
to almost 7.8-bit.
Value of T2:
static int T2[64]= {
0x1500, 0x2ef8, 0x4d67, 0x6b02, 0x87be, 0xa395, 0xbe7a, 0xd866,
0xf14a, 0x1091b,0x11fcd,0x13552,0x14999,0x15c98,0x16e34,0x17e5f,
0x18d03,0x19a01,0x1a545,0x1ae8a,0x1b5c4,0x1bb01,0x1bfde,0x1c28d,
0x1c2de,0x1c0db,0x1ba73,0x1b11c,0x1a4b5,0x1953d,0x18266,0x16be0,
0x1683e,0x179d8,0x18a4d,0x19992,0x1a789,0x1b445,0x1bf61,0x1c989,
0x1d16d,0x1d77b,0x1dddf,0x1e2ad,0x1e5bf,0x1e6e8,0x1e654,0x1e3cd,
0x1df2a,0x1d635,0x1cb16,0x1be2c,0x1ae4e,0x19bde,0x1868e,0x16e2e,
0x1527f,0x1334a,0x11051,0xe951, 0xbe01, 0x8e0d, 0x5924, 0x1edd,};
(2) Iterative refinement
Apply Reciproot iteration three times to y and multiply the
result by x to get an approximation z that matches sqrt(x)
to about 1 ulp. To be exact, we will have
-1ulp < sqrt(x)-z<1.0625ulp.
... set rounding mode to Round-to-nearest
y := y*(1.5-0.5*x*y*y) ... almost 15 sig. bits to 1/sqrt(x)
y := y*((1.5-2^-30)+0.5*x*y*y)... about 29 sig. bits to 1/sqrt(x)
... special arrangement for better accuracy
z := x*y ... 29 bits to sqrt(x), with z*y<1
z := z + 0.5*z*(1-z*y) ... about 1 ulp to sqrt(x)
Remark 2. The constant 1.5-2^-30 is chosen to bias the error so that
(a) the term z*y in the final iteration is always less than 1;
(b) the error in the final result is biased upward so that
-1 ulp < sqrt(x) - z < 1.0625 ulp
instead of |sqrt(x)-z|<1.03125ulp.
(3) Final adjustment
By twiddling y's last bit it is possible to force y to be
correctly rounded according to the prevailing rounding mode
as follows. Let r and i be copies of the rounding mode and
inexact flag before entering the square root program. Also we
use the expression y+-ulp for the next representable floating
numbers (up and down) of y. Note that y+-ulp = either fixed
point y+-1, or multiply y by nextafter(1,+-inf) in chopped
mode.
R := RZ; ... set rounding mode to round-toward-zero
switch(r) {
case RN: ... round-to-nearest
if(x<= z*(z-ulp)...chopped) z = z - ulp; else
if(x<= z*(z+ulp)...chopped) z = z; else z = z+ulp;
break;
case RZ:case RM: ... round-to-zero or round-to--inf
R:=RP; ... reset rounding mod to round-to-+inf
if(x<z*z ... rounded up) z = z - ulp; else
if(x>=(z+ulp)*(z+ulp) ...rounded up) z = z+ulp;
break;
case RP: ... round-to-+inf
if(x>(z+ulp)*(z+ulp)...chopped) z = z+2*ulp; else
if(x>z*z ...chopped) z = z+ulp;
break;
}
Remark 3. The above comparisons can be done in fixed point. For
example, to compare x and w=z*z chopped, it suffices to compare
x1 and w1 (the trailing parts of x and w), regarding them as
two's complement integers.
...Is z an exact square root?
To determine whether z is an exact square root of x, let z1 be the
trailing part of z, and also let x0 and x1 be the leading and
trailing parts of x.
If ((z1&0x03ffffff)!=0) ... not exact if trailing 26 bits of z!=0
I := 1; ... Raise Inexact flag: z is not exact
else {
j := 1 - [(x0>>20)&1] ... j = logb(x) mod 2
k := z1 >> 26; ... get z's 25-th and 26-th
fraction bits
I := i or (k&j) or ((k&(j+j+1))!=(x1&3));
}
R:= r ... restore rounded mode
return sqrt(x):=z.
If multiplication is cheaper then the foregoing red tape, the
Inexact flag can be evaluated by
I := i;
I := (z*z!=x) or I.
Note that z*z can overwrite I; this value must be sensed if it is
True.
Remark 4. If z*z = x exactly, then bit 25 to bit 0 of z1 must be
zero.
--------------------
z1: | f2 |
--------------------
bit 31 bit 0
Further more, bit 27 and 26 of z1, bit 0 and 1 of x1, and the odd
or even of logb(x) have the following relations:
-------------------------------------------------
bit 27,26 of z1 bit 1,0 of x1 logb(x)
-------------------------------------------------
00 00 odd and even
01 01 even
10 10 odd
10 00 even
11 01 even
-------------------------------------------------
(4) Special cases (see (4) of Section A).
*/

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/* @(#)fdlibm.h 1.5 04/04/22 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 2004 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* Sometimes it's necessary to define __LITTLE_ENDIAN explicitly
but these catch some common cases. */
#if defined(i386) || defined(i486) || \
defined(intel) || defined(x86) || defined(i86pc) || \
defined(__alpha) || defined(__osf__)
#define __LITTLE_ENDIAN
#endif
#ifdef __LITTLE_ENDIAN
#define __HI(x) *(1+(int*)&x)
#define __LO(x) *(int*)&x
#define __HIp(x) *(1+(int*)x)
#define __LOp(x) *(int*)x
#else
#define __HI(x) *(int*)&x
#define __LO(x) *(1+(int*)&x)
#define __HIp(x) *(int*)x
#define __LOp(x) *(1+(int*)x)
#endif
#ifdef __STDC__
#define __P(p) p
#else
#define __P(p) ()
#endif
/*
* ANSI/POSIX
*/
extern int signgam;
#define MAXFLOAT ((float)3.40282346638528860e+38)
enum fdversion {fdlibm_ieee = -1, fdlibm_svid, fdlibm_xopen, fdlibm_posix};
#define _LIB_VERSION_TYPE enum fdversion
#define _LIB_VERSION _fdlib_version
/* if global variable _LIB_VERSION is not desirable, one may
* change the following to be a constant by:
* #define _LIB_VERSION_TYPE const enum version
* In that case, after one initializes the value _LIB_VERSION (see
* s_lib_version.c) during compile time, it cannot be modified
* in the middle of a program
*/
extern _LIB_VERSION_TYPE _LIB_VERSION;
#define _IEEE_ fdlibm_ieee
#define _SVID_ fdlibm_svid
#define _XOPEN_ fdlibm_xopen
#define _POSIX_ fdlibm_posix
struct exception {
int type;
char *name;
double arg1;
double arg2;
double retval;
};
#define HUGE MAXFLOAT
/*
* set X_TLOSS = pi*2**52, which is possibly defined in <values.h>
* (one may replace the following line by "#include <values.h>")
*/
#define X_TLOSS 1.41484755040568800000e+16
#define DOMAIN 1
#define SING 2
#define OVERFLOW 3
#define UNDERFLOW 4
#define TLOSS 5
#define PLOSS 6
/*
* ANSI/POSIX
*/
extern double acos __P((double));
extern double asin __P((double));
extern double atan __P((double));
extern double atan2 __P((double, double));
extern double cos __P((double));
extern double sin __P((double));
extern double tan __P((double));
extern double cosh __P((double));
extern double sinh __P((double));
extern double tanh __P((double));
extern double exp __P((double));
extern double frexp __P((double, int *));
extern double ldexp __P((double, int));
extern double log __P((double));
extern double log10 __P((double));
extern double modf __P((double, double *));
extern double pow __P((double, double));
extern double sqrt __P((double));
extern double ceil __P((double));
extern double fabs __P((double));
extern double floor __P((double));
extern double fmod __P((double, double));
extern double erf __P((double));
extern double erfc __P((double));
extern double gamma __P((double));
extern double hypot __P((double, double));
extern int isnan __P((double));
extern int finite __P((double));
extern double j0 __P((double));
extern double j1 __P((double));
extern double jn __P((int, double));
extern double lgamma __P((double));
extern double y0 __P((double));
extern double y1 __P((double));
extern double yn __P((int, double));
extern double acosh __P((double));
extern double asinh __P((double));
extern double atanh __P((double));
extern double cbrt __P((double));
extern double logb __P((double));
extern double nextafter __P((double, double));
extern double remainder __P((double, double));
#ifdef _SCALB_INT
extern double scalb __P((double, int));
#else
extern double scalb __P((double, double));
#endif
extern int matherr __P((struct exception *));
/*
* IEEE Test Vector
*/
extern double significand __P((double));
/*
* Functions callable from C, intended to support IEEE arithmetic.
*/
extern double copysign __P((double, double));
extern int ilogb __P((double));
extern double rint __P((double));
extern double scalbn __P((double, int));
/*
* BSD math library entry points
*/
extern double expm1 __P((double));
extern double log1p __P((double));
/*
* Reentrant version of gamma & lgamma; passes signgam back by reference
* as the second argument; user must allocate space for signgam.
*/
#ifdef _REENTRANT
extern double gamma_r __P((double, int *));
extern double lgamma_r __P((double, int *));
#endif /* _REENTRANT */
/* ieee style elementary functions */
extern double __ieee754_sqrt __P((double));
extern double __ieee754_acos __P((double));
extern double __ieee754_acosh __P((double));
extern double __ieee754_log __P((double));
extern double __ieee754_atanh __P((double));
extern double __ieee754_asin __P((double));
extern double __ieee754_atan2 __P((double,double));
extern double __ieee754_exp __P((double));
extern double __ieee754_cosh __P((double));
extern double __ieee754_fmod __P((double,double));
extern double __ieee754_pow __P((double,double));
extern double __ieee754_lgamma_r __P((double,int *));
extern double __ieee754_gamma_r __P((double,int *));
extern double __ieee754_lgamma __P((double));
extern double __ieee754_gamma __P((double));
extern double __ieee754_log10 __P((double));
extern double __ieee754_sinh __P((double));
extern double __ieee754_hypot __P((double,double));
extern double __ieee754_j0 __P((double));
extern double __ieee754_j1 __P((double));
extern double __ieee754_y0 __P((double));
extern double __ieee754_y1 __P((double));
extern double __ieee754_jn __P((int,double));
extern double __ieee754_yn __P((int,double));
extern double __ieee754_remainder __P((double,double));
extern int __ieee754_rem_pio2 __P((double,double*));
#ifdef _SCALB_INT
extern double __ieee754_scalb __P((double,int));
#else
extern double __ieee754_scalb __P((double,double));
#endif
/* fdlibm kernel function */
extern double __kernel_standard __P((double,double,int));
extern double __kernel_sin __P((double,double,int));
extern double __kernel_cos __P((double,double));
extern double __kernel_tan __P((double,double,int));
extern int __kernel_rem_pio2 __P((double*,double*,int,int,int,const int*));

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/* @(#)k_cos.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* __kernel_cos( x, y )
* kernel cos function on [-pi/4, pi/4], pi/4 ~ 0.785398164
* Input x is assumed to be bounded by ~pi/4 in magnitude.
* Input y is the tail of x.
*
* Algorithm
* 1. Since cos(-x) = cos(x), we need only to consider positive x.
* 2. if x < 2^-27 (hx<0x3e400000 0), return 1 with inexact if x!=0.
* 3. cos(x) is approximated by a polynomial of degree 14 on
* [0,pi/4]
* 4 14
* cos(x) ~ 1 - x*x/2 + C1*x + ... + C6*x
* where the remez error is
*
* | 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 | -58
* |cos(x)-(1-.5*x +C1*x +C2*x +C3*x +C4*x +C5*x +C6*x )| <= 2
* | |
*
* 4 6 8 10 12 14
* 4. let r = C1*x +C2*x +C3*x +C4*x +C5*x +C6*x , then
* cos(x) = 1 - x*x/2 + r
* since cos(x+y) ~ cos(x) - sin(x)*y
* ~ cos(x) - x*y,
* a correction term is necessary in cos(x) and hence
* cos(x+y) = 1 - (x*x/2 - (r - x*y))
* For better accuracy when x > 0.3, let qx = |x|/4 with
* the last 32 bits mask off, and if x > 0.78125, let qx = 0.28125.
* Then
* cos(x+y) = (1-qx) - ((x*x/2-qx) - (r-x*y)).
* Note that 1-qx and (x*x/2-qx) is EXACT here, and the
* magnitude of the latter is at least a quarter of x*x/2,
* thus, reducing the rounding error in the subtraction.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
one = 1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000 */
C1 = 4.16666666666666019037e-02, /* 0x3FA55555, 0x5555554C */
C2 = -1.38888888888741095749e-03, /* 0xBF56C16C, 0x16C15177 */
C3 = 2.48015872894767294178e-05, /* 0x3EFA01A0, 0x19CB1590 */
C4 = -2.75573143513906633035e-07, /* 0xBE927E4F, 0x809C52AD */
C5 = 2.08757232129817482790e-09, /* 0x3E21EE9E, 0xBDB4B1C4 */
C6 = -1.13596475577881948265e-11; /* 0xBDA8FAE9, 0xBE8838D4 */
#ifdef __STDC__
double __kernel_cos(double x, double y)
#else
double __kernel_cos(x, y)
double x,y;
#endif
{
double a,hz,z,r,qx;
int ix;
ix = __HI(x)&0x7fffffff; /* ix = |x|'s high word*/
if(ix<0x3e400000) { /* if x < 2**27 */
if(((int)x)==0) return one; /* generate inexact */
}
z = x*x;
r = z*(C1+z*(C2+z*(C3+z*(C4+z*(C5+z*C6)))));
if(ix < 0x3FD33333) /* if |x| < 0.3 */
return one - (0.5*z - (z*r - x*y));
else {
if(ix > 0x3fe90000) { /* x > 0.78125 */
qx = 0.28125;
} else {
__HI(qx) = ix-0x00200000; /* x/4 */
__LO(qx) = 0;
}
hz = 0.5*z-qx;
a = one-qx;
return a - (hz - (z*r-x*y));
}
}

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/* @(#)k_rem_pio2.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* __kernel_rem_pio2(x,y,e0,nx,prec,ipio2)
* double x[],y[]; int e0,nx,prec; int ipio2[];
*
* __kernel_rem_pio2 return the last three digits of N with
* y = x - N*pi/2
* so that |y| < pi/2.
*
* The method is to compute the integer (mod 8) and fraction parts of
* (2/pi)*x without doing the full multiplication. In general we
* skip the part of the product that are known to be a huge integer (
* more accurately, = 0 mod 8 ). Thus the number of operations are
* independent of the exponent of the input.
*
* (2/pi) is represented by an array of 24-bit integers in ipio2[].
*
* Input parameters:
* x[] The input value (must be positive) is broken into nx
* pieces of 24-bit integers in double precision format.
* x[i] will be the i-th 24 bit of x. The scaled exponent
* of x[0] is given in input parameter e0 (i.e., x[0]*2^e0
* match x's up to 24 bits.
*
* Example of breaking a double positive z into x[0]+x[1]+x[2]:
* e0 = ilogb(z)-23
* z = scalbn(z,-e0)
* for i = 0,1,2
* x[i] = floor(z)
* z = (z-x[i])*2**24
*
*
* y[] ouput result in an array of double precision numbers.
* The dimension of y[] is:
* 24-bit precision 1
* 53-bit precision 2
* 64-bit precision 2
* 113-bit precision 3
* The actual value is the sum of them. Thus for 113-bit
* precison, one may have to do something like:
*
* long double t,w,r_head, r_tail;
* t = (long double)y[2] + (long double)y[1];
* w = (long double)y[0];
* r_head = t+w;
* r_tail = w - (r_head - t);
*
* e0 The exponent of x[0]
*
* nx dimension of x[]
*
* prec an integer indicating the precision:
* 0 24 bits (single)
* 1 53 bits (double)
* 2 64 bits (extended)
* 3 113 bits (quad)
*
* ipio2[]
* integer array, contains the (24*i)-th to (24*i+23)-th
* bit of 2/pi after binary point. The corresponding
* floating value is
*
* ipio2[i] * 2^(-24(i+1)).
*
* External function:
* double scalbn(), floor();
*
*
* Here is the description of some local variables:
*
* jk jk+1 is the initial number of terms of ipio2[] needed
* in the computation. The recommended value is 2,3,4,
* 6 for single, double, extended,and quad.
*
* jz local integer variable indicating the number of
* terms of ipio2[] used.
*
* jx nx - 1
*
* jv index for pointing to the suitable ipio2[] for the
* computation. In general, we want
* ( 2^e0*x[0] * ipio2[jv-1]*2^(-24jv) )/8
* is an integer. Thus
* e0-3-24*jv >= 0 or (e0-3)/24 >= jv
* Hence jv = max(0,(e0-3)/24).
*
* jp jp+1 is the number of terms in PIo2[] needed, jp = jk.
*
* q[] double array with integral value, representing the
* 24-bits chunk of the product of x and 2/pi.
*
* q0 the corresponding exponent of q[0]. Note that the
* exponent for q[i] would be q0-24*i.
*
* PIo2[] double precision array, obtained by cutting pi/2
* into 24 bits chunks.
*
* f[] ipio2[] in floating point
*
* iq[] integer array by breaking up q[] in 24-bits chunk.
*
* fq[] final product of x*(2/pi) in fq[0],..,fq[jk]
*
* ih integer. If >0 it indicates q[] is >= 0.5, hence
* it also indicates the *sign* of the result.
*
*/
/*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following
* constants. The decimal values may be used, provided that the
* compiler will convert from decimal to binary accurately enough
* to produce the hexadecimal values shown.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const int init_jk[] = {2,3,4,6}; /* initial value for jk */
#else
static int init_jk[] = {2,3,4,6};
#endif
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double PIo2[] = {
#else
static double PIo2[] = {
#endif
1.57079625129699707031e+00, /* 0x3FF921FB, 0x40000000 */
7.54978941586159635335e-08, /* 0x3E74442D, 0x00000000 */
5.39030252995776476554e-15, /* 0x3CF84698, 0x80000000 */
3.28200341580791294123e-22, /* 0x3B78CC51, 0x60000000 */
1.27065575308067607349e-29, /* 0x39F01B83, 0x80000000 */
1.22933308981111328932e-36, /* 0x387A2520, 0x40000000 */
2.73370053816464559624e-44, /* 0x36E38222, 0x80000000 */
2.16741683877804819444e-51, /* 0x3569F31D, 0x00000000 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
zero = 0.0,
one = 1.0,
two24 = 1.67772160000000000000e+07, /* 0x41700000, 0x00000000 */
twon24 = 5.96046447753906250000e-08; /* 0x3E700000, 0x00000000 */
#ifdef __STDC__
int __kernel_rem_pio2(double *x, double *y, int e0, int nx, int prec, const int *ipio2)
#else
int __kernel_rem_pio2(x,y,e0,nx,prec,ipio2)
double x[], y[]; int e0,nx,prec; int ipio2[];
#endif
{
int jz,jx,jv,jp,jk,carry,n,iq[20],i,j,k,m,q0,ih;
double z,fw,f[20],fq[20],q[20];
/* initialize jk*/
jk = init_jk[prec];
jp = jk;
/* determine jx,jv,q0, note that 3>q0 */
jx = nx-1;
jv = (e0-3)/24; if(jv<0) jv=0;
q0 = e0-24*(jv+1);
/* set up f[0] to f[jx+jk] where f[jx+jk] = ipio2[jv+jk] */
j = jv-jx; m = jx+jk;
for(i=0;i<=m;i++,j++) f[i] = (j<0)? zero : (double) ipio2[j];
/* compute q[0],q[1],...q[jk] */
for (i=0;i<=jk;i++) {
for(j=0,fw=0.0;j<=jx;j++) fw += x[j]*f[jx+i-j]; q[i] = fw;
}
jz = jk;
recompute:
/* distill q[] into iq[] reversingly */
for(i=0,j=jz,z=q[jz];j>0;i++,j--) {
fw = (double)((int)(twon24* z));
iq[i] = (int)(z-two24*fw);
z = q[j-1]+fw;
}
/* compute n */
z = scalbn(z,q0); /* actual value of z */
z -= 8.0*floor(z*0.125); /* trim off integer >= 8 */
n = (int) z;
z -= (double)n;
ih = 0;
if(q0>0) { /* need iq[jz-1] to determine n */
i = (iq[jz-1]>>(24-q0)); n += i;
iq[jz-1] -= i<<(24-q0);
ih = iq[jz-1]>>(23-q0);
}
else if(q0==0) ih = iq[jz-1]>>23;
else if(z>=0.5) ih=2;
if(ih>0) { /* q > 0.5 */
n += 1; carry = 0;
for(i=0;i<jz ;i++) { /* compute 1-q */
j = iq[i];
if(carry==0) {
if(j!=0) {
carry = 1; iq[i] = 0x1000000- j;
}
} else iq[i] = 0xffffff - j;
}
if(q0>0) { /* rare case: chance is 1 in 12 */
switch(q0) {
case 1:
iq[jz-1] &= 0x7fffff; break;
case 2:
iq[jz-1] &= 0x3fffff; break;
}
}
if(ih==2) {
z = one - z;
if(carry!=0) z -= scalbn(one,q0);
}
}
/* check if recomputation is needed */
if(z==zero) {
j = 0;
for (i=jz-1;i>=jk;i--) j |= iq[i];
if(j==0) { /* need recomputation */
for(k=1;iq[jk-k]==0;k++); /* k = no. of terms needed */
for(i=jz+1;i<=jz+k;i++) { /* add q[jz+1] to q[jz+k] */
f[jx+i] = (double) ipio2[jv+i];
for(j=0,fw=0.0;j<=jx;j++) fw += x[j]*f[jx+i-j];
q[i] = fw;
}
jz += k;
goto recompute;
}
}
/* chop off zero terms */
if(z==0.0) {
jz -= 1; q0 -= 24;
while(iq[jz]==0) { jz--; q0-=24;}
} else { /* break z into 24-bit if necessary */
z = scalbn(z,-q0);
if(z>=two24) {
fw = (double)((int)(twon24*z));
iq[jz] = (int)(z-two24*fw);
jz += 1; q0 += 24;
iq[jz] = (int) fw;
} else iq[jz] = (int) z ;
}
/* convert integer "bit" chunk to floating-point value */
fw = scalbn(one,q0);
for(i=jz;i>=0;i--) {
q[i] = fw*(double)iq[i]; fw*=twon24;
}
/* compute PIo2[0,...,jp]*q[jz,...,0] */
for(i=jz;i>=0;i--) {
for(fw=0.0,k=0;k<=jp&&k<=jz-i;k++) fw += PIo2[k]*q[i+k];
fq[jz-i] = fw;
}
/* compress fq[] into y[] */
switch(prec) {
case 0:
fw = 0.0;
for (i=jz;i>=0;i--) fw += fq[i];
y[0] = (ih==0)? fw: -fw;
break;
case 1:
case 2:
fw = 0.0;
for (i=jz;i>=0;i--) fw += fq[i];
y[0] = (ih==0)? fw: -fw;
fw = fq[0]-fw;
for (i=1;i<=jz;i++) fw += fq[i];
y[1] = (ih==0)? fw: -fw;
break;
case 3: /* painful */
for (i=jz;i>0;i--) {
fw = fq[i-1]+fq[i];
fq[i] += fq[i-1]-fw;
fq[i-1] = fw;
}
for (i=jz;i>1;i--) {
fw = fq[i-1]+fq[i];
fq[i] += fq[i-1]-fw;
fq[i-1] = fw;
}
for (fw=0.0,i=jz;i>=2;i--) fw += fq[i];
if(ih==0) {
y[0] = fq[0]; y[1] = fq[1]; y[2] = fw;
} else {
y[0] = -fq[0]; y[1] = -fq[1]; y[2] = -fw;
}
}
return n&7;
}

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/* @(#)k_sin.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* __kernel_sin( x, y, iy)
* kernel sin function on [-pi/4, pi/4], pi/4 ~ 0.7854
* Input x is assumed to be bounded by ~pi/4 in magnitude.
* Input y is the tail of x.
* Input iy indicates whether y is 0. (if iy=0, y assume to be 0).
*
* Algorithm
* 1. Since sin(-x) = -sin(x), we need only to consider positive x.
* 2. if x < 2^-27 (hx<0x3e400000 0), return x with inexact if x!=0.
* 3. sin(x) is approximated by a polynomial of degree 13 on
* [0,pi/4]
* 3 13
* sin(x) ~ x + S1*x + ... + S6*x
* where
*
* |sin(x) 2 4 6 8 10 12 | -58
* |----- - (1+S1*x +S2*x +S3*x +S4*x +S5*x +S6*x )| <= 2
* | x |
*
* 4. sin(x+y) = sin(x) + sin'(x')*y
* ~ sin(x) + (1-x*x/2)*y
* For better accuracy, let
* 3 2 2 2 2
* r = x *(S2+x *(S3+x *(S4+x *(S5+x *S6))))
* then 3 2
* sin(x) = x + (S1*x + (x *(r-y/2)+y))
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
half = 5.00000000000000000000e-01, /* 0x3FE00000, 0x00000000 */
S1 = -1.66666666666666324348e-01, /* 0xBFC55555, 0x55555549 */
S2 = 8.33333333332248946124e-03, /* 0x3F811111, 0x1110F8A6 */
S3 = -1.98412698298579493134e-04, /* 0xBF2A01A0, 0x19C161D5 */
S4 = 2.75573137070700676789e-06, /* 0x3EC71DE3, 0x57B1FE7D */
S5 = -2.50507602534068634195e-08, /* 0xBE5AE5E6, 0x8A2B9CEB */
S6 = 1.58969099521155010221e-10; /* 0x3DE5D93A, 0x5ACFD57C */
#ifdef __STDC__
double __kernel_sin(double x, double y, int iy)
#else
double __kernel_sin(x, y, iy)
double x,y; int iy; /* iy=0 if y is zero */
#endif
{
double z,r,v;
int ix;
ix = __HI(x)&0x7fffffff; /* high word of x */
if(ix<0x3e400000) /* |x| < 2**-27 */
{if((int)x==0) return x;} /* generate inexact */
z = x*x;
v = z*x;
r = S2+z*(S3+z*(S4+z*(S5+z*S6)));
if(iy==0) return x+v*(S1+z*r);
else return x-((z*(half*y-v*r)-y)-v*S1);
}

733
fdlibm/k_standard.c Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,733 @@
/* @(#)k_standard.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#include <errno.h>
#ifndef _USE_WRITE
#include <stdio.h> /* fputs(), stderr */
#define WRITE2(u,v) fputs(u, stderr)
#else /* !defined(_USE_WRITE) */
#include <unistd.h> /* write */
#define WRITE2(u,v) write(2, u, v)
#undef fflush
#endif /* !defined(_USE_WRITE) */
static double zero = 0.0; /* used as const */
/*
* Standard conformance (non-IEEE) on exception cases.
* Mapping:
* 1 -- acos(|x|>1)
* 2 -- asin(|x|>1)
* 3 -- atan2(+-0,+-0)
* 4 -- hypot overflow
* 5 -- cosh overflow
* 6 -- exp overflow
* 7 -- exp underflow
* 8 -- y0(0)
* 9 -- y0(-ve)
* 10-- y1(0)
* 11-- y1(-ve)
* 12-- yn(0)
* 13-- yn(-ve)
* 14-- lgamma(finite) overflow
* 15-- lgamma(-integer)
* 16-- log(0)
* 17-- log(x<0)
* 18-- log10(0)
* 19-- log10(x<0)
* 20-- pow(0.0,0.0)
* 21-- pow(x,y) overflow
* 22-- pow(x,y) underflow
* 23-- pow(0,negative)
* 24-- pow(neg,non-integral)
* 25-- sinh(finite) overflow
* 26-- sqrt(negative)
* 27-- fmod(x,0)
* 28-- remainder(x,0)
* 29-- acosh(x<1)
* 30-- atanh(|x|>1)
* 31-- atanh(|x|=1)
* 32-- scalb overflow
* 33-- scalb underflow
* 34-- j0(|x|>X_TLOSS)
* 35-- y0(x>X_TLOSS)
* 36-- j1(|x|>X_TLOSS)
* 37-- y1(x>X_TLOSS)
* 38-- jn(|x|>X_TLOSS, n)
* 39-- yn(x>X_TLOSS, n)
* 40-- gamma(finite) overflow
* 41-- gamma(-integer)
* 42-- pow(NaN,0.0)
*/
#ifdef __STDC__
double __kernel_standard(double x, double y, int type)
#else
double __kernel_standard(x,y,type)
double x,y; int type;
#endif
{
struct exception exc;
#ifndef HUGE_VAL /* this is the only routine that uses HUGE_VAL */
#define HUGE_VAL inf
double inf = 0.0;
__HI(inf) = 0x7ff00000; /* set inf to infinite */
#endif
#ifdef _USE_WRITE
(void) fflush(stdout);
#endif
exc.arg1 = x;
exc.arg2 = y;
switch(type) {
case 1:
/* acos(|x|>1) */
exc.type = DOMAIN;
exc.name = "acos";
exc.retval = zero;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = EDOM;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if(_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2("acos: DOMAIN error\n", 19);
}
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
case 2:
/* asin(|x|>1) */
exc.type = DOMAIN;
exc.name = "asin";
exc.retval = zero;
if(_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = EDOM;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if(_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2("asin: DOMAIN error\n", 19);
}
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
case 3:
/* atan2(+-0,+-0) */
exc.arg1 = y;
exc.arg2 = x;
exc.type = DOMAIN;
exc.name = "atan2";
exc.retval = zero;
if(_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = EDOM;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if(_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2("atan2: DOMAIN error\n", 20);
}
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
case 4:
/* hypot(finite,finite) overflow */
exc.type = OVERFLOW;
exc.name = "hypot";
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_)
exc.retval = HUGE;
else
exc.retval = HUGE_VAL;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = ERANGE;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
errno = ERANGE;
}
break;
case 5:
/* cosh(finite) overflow */
exc.type = OVERFLOW;
exc.name = "cosh";
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_)
exc.retval = HUGE;
else
exc.retval = HUGE_VAL;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = ERANGE;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
errno = ERANGE;
}
break;
case 6:
/* exp(finite) overflow */
exc.type = OVERFLOW;
exc.name = "exp";
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_)
exc.retval = HUGE;
else
exc.retval = HUGE_VAL;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = ERANGE;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
errno = ERANGE;
}
break;
case 7:
/* exp(finite) underflow */
exc.type = UNDERFLOW;
exc.name = "exp";
exc.retval = zero;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = ERANGE;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
errno = ERANGE;
}
break;
case 8:
/* y0(0) = -inf */
exc.type = DOMAIN; /* should be SING for IEEE */
exc.name = "y0";
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_)
exc.retval = -HUGE;
else
exc.retval = -HUGE_VAL;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = EDOM;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2("y0: DOMAIN error\n", 17);
}
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
case 9:
/* y0(x<0) = NaN */
exc.type = DOMAIN;
exc.name = "y0";
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_)
exc.retval = -HUGE;
else
exc.retval = -HUGE_VAL;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = EDOM;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2("y0: DOMAIN error\n", 17);
}
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
case 10:
/* y1(0) = -inf */
exc.type = DOMAIN; /* should be SING for IEEE */
exc.name = "y1";
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_)
exc.retval = -HUGE;
else
exc.retval = -HUGE_VAL;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = EDOM;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2("y1: DOMAIN error\n", 17);
}
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
case 11:
/* y1(x<0) = NaN */
exc.type = DOMAIN;
exc.name = "y1";
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_)
exc.retval = -HUGE;
else
exc.retval = -HUGE_VAL;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = EDOM;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2("y1: DOMAIN error\n", 17);
}
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
case 12:
/* yn(n,0) = -inf */
exc.type = DOMAIN; /* should be SING for IEEE */
exc.name = "yn";
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_)
exc.retval = -HUGE;
else
exc.retval = -HUGE_VAL;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = EDOM;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2("yn: DOMAIN error\n", 17);
}
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
case 13:
/* yn(x<0) = NaN */
exc.type = DOMAIN;
exc.name = "yn";
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_)
exc.retval = -HUGE;
else
exc.retval = -HUGE_VAL;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = EDOM;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2("yn: DOMAIN error\n", 17);
}
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
case 14:
/* lgamma(finite) overflow */
exc.type = OVERFLOW;
exc.name = "lgamma";
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_)
exc.retval = HUGE;
else
exc.retval = HUGE_VAL;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = ERANGE;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
errno = ERANGE;
}
break;
case 15:
/* lgamma(-integer) or lgamma(0) */
exc.type = SING;
exc.name = "lgamma";
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_)
exc.retval = HUGE;
else
exc.retval = HUGE_VAL;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = EDOM;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2("lgamma: SING error\n", 19);
}
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
case 16:
/* log(0) */
exc.type = SING;
exc.name = "log";
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_)
exc.retval = -HUGE;
else
exc.retval = -HUGE_VAL;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = ERANGE;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2("log: SING error\n", 16);
}
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
case 17:
/* log(x<0) */
exc.type = DOMAIN;
exc.name = "log";
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_)
exc.retval = -HUGE;
else
exc.retval = -HUGE_VAL;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = EDOM;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2("log: DOMAIN error\n", 18);
}
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
case 18:
/* log10(0) */
exc.type = SING;
exc.name = "log10";
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_)
exc.retval = -HUGE;
else
exc.retval = -HUGE_VAL;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = ERANGE;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2("log10: SING error\n", 18);
}
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
case 19:
/* log10(x<0) */
exc.type = DOMAIN;
exc.name = "log10";
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_)
exc.retval = -HUGE;
else
exc.retval = -HUGE_VAL;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = EDOM;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2("log10: DOMAIN error\n", 20);
}
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
case 20:
/* pow(0.0,0.0) */
/* error only if _LIB_VERSION == _SVID_ */
exc.type = DOMAIN;
exc.name = "pow";
exc.retval = zero;
if (_LIB_VERSION != _SVID_) exc.retval = 1.0;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
(void) WRITE2("pow(0,0): DOMAIN error\n", 23);
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
case 21:
/* pow(x,y) overflow */
exc.type = OVERFLOW;
exc.name = "pow";
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
exc.retval = HUGE;
y *= 0.5;
if(x<zero&&rint(y)!=y) exc.retval = -HUGE;
} else {
exc.retval = HUGE_VAL;
y *= 0.5;
if(x<zero&&rint(y)!=y) exc.retval = -HUGE_VAL;
}
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = ERANGE;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
errno = ERANGE;
}
break;
case 22:
/* pow(x,y) underflow */
exc.type = UNDERFLOW;
exc.name = "pow";
exc.retval = zero;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = ERANGE;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
errno = ERANGE;
}
break;
case 23:
/* 0**neg */
exc.type = DOMAIN;
exc.name = "pow";
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_)
exc.retval = zero;
else
exc.retval = -HUGE_VAL;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = EDOM;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2("pow(0,neg): DOMAIN error\n", 25);
}
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
case 24:
/* neg**non-integral */
exc.type = DOMAIN;
exc.name = "pow";
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_)
exc.retval = zero;
else
exc.retval = zero/zero; /* X/Open allow NaN */
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = EDOM;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2("neg**non-integral: DOMAIN error\n", 32);
}
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
case 25:
/* sinh(finite) overflow */
exc.type = OVERFLOW;
exc.name = "sinh";
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_)
exc.retval = ( (x>zero) ? HUGE : -HUGE);
else
exc.retval = ( (x>zero) ? HUGE_VAL : -HUGE_VAL);
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = ERANGE;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
errno = ERANGE;
}
break;
case 26:
/* sqrt(x<0) */
exc.type = DOMAIN;
exc.name = "sqrt";
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_)
exc.retval = zero;
else
exc.retval = zero/zero;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = EDOM;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2("sqrt: DOMAIN error\n", 19);
}
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
case 27:
/* fmod(x,0) */
exc.type = DOMAIN;
exc.name = "fmod";
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_)
exc.retval = x;
else
exc.retval = zero/zero;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = EDOM;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2("fmod: DOMAIN error\n", 20);
}
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
case 28:
/* remainder(x,0) */
exc.type = DOMAIN;
exc.name = "remainder";
exc.retval = zero/zero;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = EDOM;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2("remainder: DOMAIN error\n", 24);
}
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
case 29:
/* acosh(x<1) */
exc.type = DOMAIN;
exc.name = "acosh";
exc.retval = zero/zero;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = EDOM;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2("acosh: DOMAIN error\n", 20);
}
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
case 30:
/* atanh(|x|>1) */
exc.type = DOMAIN;
exc.name = "atanh";
exc.retval = zero/zero;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = EDOM;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2("atanh: DOMAIN error\n", 20);
}
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
case 31:
/* atanh(|x|=1) */
exc.type = SING;
exc.name = "atanh";
exc.retval = x/zero; /* sign(x)*inf */
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = EDOM;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2("atanh: SING error\n", 18);
}
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
case 32:
/* scalb overflow; SVID also returns +-HUGE_VAL */
exc.type = OVERFLOW;
exc.name = "scalb";
exc.retval = x > zero ? HUGE_VAL : -HUGE_VAL;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = ERANGE;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
errno = ERANGE;
}
break;
case 33:
/* scalb underflow */
exc.type = UNDERFLOW;
exc.name = "scalb";
exc.retval = copysign(zero,x);
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = ERANGE;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
errno = ERANGE;
}
break;
case 34:
/* j0(|x|>X_TLOSS) */
exc.type = TLOSS;
exc.name = "j0";
exc.retval = zero;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = ERANGE;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2(exc.name, 2);
(void) WRITE2(": TLOSS error\n", 14);
}
errno = ERANGE;
}
break;
case 35:
/* y0(x>X_TLOSS) */
exc.type = TLOSS;
exc.name = "y0";
exc.retval = zero;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = ERANGE;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2(exc.name, 2);
(void) WRITE2(": TLOSS error\n", 14);
}
errno = ERANGE;
}
break;
case 36:
/* j1(|x|>X_TLOSS) */
exc.type = TLOSS;
exc.name = "j1";
exc.retval = zero;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = ERANGE;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2(exc.name, 2);
(void) WRITE2(": TLOSS error\n", 14);
}
errno = ERANGE;
}
break;
case 37:
/* y1(x>X_TLOSS) */
exc.type = TLOSS;
exc.name = "y1";
exc.retval = zero;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = ERANGE;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2(exc.name, 2);
(void) WRITE2(": TLOSS error\n", 14);
}
errno = ERANGE;
}
break;
case 38:
/* jn(|x|>X_TLOSS) */
exc.type = TLOSS;
exc.name = "jn";
exc.retval = zero;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = ERANGE;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2(exc.name, 2);
(void) WRITE2(": TLOSS error\n", 14);
}
errno = ERANGE;
}
break;
case 39:
/* yn(x>X_TLOSS) */
exc.type = TLOSS;
exc.name = "yn";
exc.retval = zero;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = ERANGE;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2(exc.name, 2);
(void) WRITE2(": TLOSS error\n", 14);
}
errno = ERANGE;
}
break;
case 40:
/* gamma(finite) overflow */
exc.type = OVERFLOW;
exc.name = "gamma";
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_)
exc.retval = HUGE;
else
exc.retval = HUGE_VAL;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = ERANGE;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
errno = ERANGE;
}
break;
case 41:
/* gamma(-integer) or gamma(0) */
exc.type = SING;
exc.name = "gamma";
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_)
exc.retval = HUGE;
else
exc.retval = HUGE_VAL;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_)
errno = EDOM;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
if (_LIB_VERSION == _SVID_) {
(void) WRITE2("gamma: SING error\n", 18);
}
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
case 42:
/* pow(NaN,0.0) */
/* error only if _LIB_VERSION == _SVID_ & _XOPEN_ */
exc.type = DOMAIN;
exc.name = "pow";
exc.retval = x;
if (_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_ ||
_LIB_VERSION == _POSIX_) exc.retval = 1.0;
else if (!matherr(&exc)) {
errno = EDOM;
}
break;
}
return exc.retval;
}

148
fdlibm/k_tan.c Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
#pragma ident "@(#)k_tan.c 1.5 04/04/22 SMI"
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright 2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* INDENT OFF */
/* __kernel_tan( x, y, k )
* kernel tan function on [-pi/4, pi/4], pi/4 ~ 0.7854
* Input x is assumed to be bounded by ~pi/4 in magnitude.
* Input y is the tail of x.
* Input k indicates whether tan (if k = 1) or -1/tan (if k = -1) is returned.
*
* Algorithm
* 1. Since tan(-x) = -tan(x), we need only to consider positive x.
* 2. if x < 2^-28 (hx<0x3e300000 0), return x with inexact if x!=0.
* 3. tan(x) is approximated by a odd polynomial of degree 27 on
* [0,0.67434]
* 3 27
* tan(x) ~ x + T1*x + ... + T13*x
* where
*
* |tan(x) 2 4 26 | -59.2
* |----- - (1+T1*x +T2*x +.... +T13*x )| <= 2
* | x |
*
* Note: tan(x+y) = tan(x) + tan'(x)*y
* ~ tan(x) + (1+x*x)*y
* Therefore, for better accuracy in computing tan(x+y), let
* 3 2 2 2 2
* r = x *(T2+x *(T3+x *(...+x *(T12+x *T13))))
* then
* 3 2
* tan(x+y) = x + (T1*x + (x *(r+y)+y))
*
* 4. For x in [0.67434,pi/4], let y = pi/4 - x, then
* tan(x) = tan(pi/4-y) = (1-tan(y))/(1+tan(y))
* = 1 - 2*(tan(y) - (tan(y)^2)/(1+tan(y)))
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
static const double xxx[] = {
3.33333333333334091986e-01, /* 3FD55555, 55555563 */
1.33333333333201242699e-01, /* 3FC11111, 1110FE7A */
5.39682539762260521377e-02, /* 3FABA1BA, 1BB341FE */
2.18694882948595424599e-02, /* 3F9664F4, 8406D637 */
8.86323982359930005737e-03, /* 3F8226E3, E96E8493 */
3.59207910759131235356e-03, /* 3F6D6D22, C9560328 */
1.45620945432529025516e-03, /* 3F57DBC8, FEE08315 */
5.88041240820264096874e-04, /* 3F4344D8, F2F26501 */
2.46463134818469906812e-04, /* 3F3026F7, 1A8D1068 */
7.81794442939557092300e-05, /* 3F147E88, A03792A6 */
7.14072491382608190305e-05, /* 3F12B80F, 32F0A7E9 */
-1.85586374855275456654e-05, /* BEF375CB, DB605373 */
2.59073051863633712884e-05, /* 3EFB2A70, 74BF7AD4 */
/* one */ 1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 3FF00000, 00000000 */
/* pio4 */ 7.85398163397448278999e-01, /* 3FE921FB, 54442D18 */
/* pio4lo */ 3.06161699786838301793e-17 /* 3C81A626, 33145C07 */
};
#define one xxx[13]
#define pio4 xxx[14]
#define pio4lo xxx[15]
#define T xxx
/* INDENT ON */
double
__kernel_tan(double x, double y, int iy) {
double z, r, v, w, s;
int ix, hx;
hx = __HI(x); /* high word of x */
ix = hx & 0x7fffffff; /* high word of |x| */
if (ix < 0x3e300000) { /* x < 2**-28 */
if ((int) x == 0) { /* generate inexact */
if (((ix | __LO(x)) | (iy + 1)) == 0)
return one / fabs(x);
else {
if (iy == 1)
return x;
else { /* compute -1 / (x+y) carefully */
double a, t;
z = w = x + y;
__LO(z) = 0;
v = y - (z - x);
t = a = -one / w;
__LO(t) = 0;
s = one + t * z;
return t + a * (s + t * v);
}
}
}
}
if (ix >= 0x3FE59428) { /* |x| >= 0.6744 */
if (hx < 0) {
x = -x;
y = -y;
}
z = pio4 - x;
w = pio4lo - y;
x = z + w;
y = 0.0;
}
z = x * x;
w = z * z;
/*
* Break x^5*(T[1]+x^2*T[2]+...) into
* x^5(T[1]+x^4*T[3]+...+x^20*T[11]) +
* x^5(x^2*(T[2]+x^4*T[4]+...+x^22*[T12]))
*/
r = T[1] + w * (T[3] + w * (T[5] + w * (T[7] + w * (T[9] +
w * T[11]))));
v = z * (T[2] + w * (T[4] + w * (T[6] + w * (T[8] + w * (T[10] +
w * T[12])))));
s = z * x;
r = y + z * (s * (r + v) + y);
r += T[0] * s;
w = x + r;
if (ix >= 0x3FE59428) {
v = (double) iy;
return (double) (1 - ((hx >> 30) & 2)) *
(v - 2.0 * (x - (w * w / (w + v) - r)));
}
if (iy == 1)
return w;
else {
/*
* if allow error up to 2 ulp, simply return
* -1.0 / (x+r) here
*/
/* compute -1.0 / (x+r) accurately */
double a, t;
z = w;
__LO(z) = 0;
v = r - (z - x); /* z+v = r+x */
t = a = -1.0 / w; /* a = -1.0/w */
__LO(t) = 0;
s = 1.0 + t * z;
return t + a * (s + t * v);
}
}

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#
# @(#)Makefile 1.4 95/01/18
#
# ====================================================
# Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
#
# Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
# Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
# software is freely granted, provided that this notice
# is preserved.
# ====================================================
#
#
#
# There are two options in making libm at fdlibm compile time:
# _IEEE_LIBM --- IEEE libm; smaller, and somewhat faster
# _MULTI_LIBM --- Support multi-standard at runtime by
# imposing wrapper functions defined in
# fdlibm.h:
# _IEEE_MODE -- IEEE
# _XOPEN_MODE -- X/OPEN
# _POSIX_MODE -- POSIX/ANSI
# _SVID3_MODE -- SVID
#
# Here is how to set up CFLAGS to create the desired libm at
# compile time:
#
# CFLAGS = -D_IEEE_LIBM ... IEEE libm (recommended)
# CFLAGS = -D_SVID3_MODE ... Multi-standard supported
# libm with SVID as the
# default standard
# CFLAGS = -D_XOPEN_MODE ... Multi-standard supported
# libm with XOPEN as the
# default standard
# CFLAGS = -D_POSIX_MODE ... Multi-standard supported
# libm with POSIX as the
# default standard
# CFLAGS = ... Multi-standard supported
# libm with IEEE as the
# default standard
#
# NOTE: if scalb's second arguement is an int, then one must
# define _SCALB_INT in CFLAGS. The default prototype of scalb
# is double scalb(double, double)
#
#
# Default IEEE libm
#
CFLAGS = -D_IEEE_LIBM
CC = cc
INCFILES = fdlibm.h
.INIT: $(INCFILES)
.KEEP_STATE:
src = k_standard.c k_rem_pio2.c \
k_cos.c k_sin.c k_tan.c \
e_acos.c e_acosh.c e_asin.c e_atan2.c \
e_atanh.c e_cosh.c e_exp.c e_fmod.c \
e_gamma.c e_gamma_r.c e_hypot.c e_j0.c \
e_j1.c e_jn.c e_lgamma.c e_lgamma_r.c \
e_log.c e_log10.c e_pow.c e_rem_pio2.c e_remainder.c \
e_scalb.c e_sinh.c e_sqrt.c \
w_acos.c w_acosh.c w_asin.c w_atan2.c \
w_atanh.c w_cosh.c w_exp.c w_fmod.c \
w_gamma.c w_gamma_r.c w_hypot.c w_j0.c \
w_j1.c w_jn.c w_lgamma.c w_lgamma_r.c \
w_log.c w_log10.c w_pow.c w_remainder.c \
w_scalb.c w_sinh.c w_sqrt.c \
s_asinh.c s_atan.c s_cbrt.c s_ceil.c s_copysign.c \
s_cos.c s_erf.c s_expm1.c s_fabs.c s_finite.c s_floor.c \
s_frexp.c s_ilogb.c s_isnan.c s_ldexp.c s_lib_version.c \
s_log1p.c s_logb.c s_matherr.c s_modf.c s_nextafter.c \
s_rint.c s_scalbn.c s_signgam.c s_significand.c s_sin.c \
s_tan.c s_tanh.c
obj = k_standard.o k_rem_pio2.o \
k_cos.o k_sin.o k_tan.o \
e_acos.o e_acosh.o e_asin.o e_atan2.o \
e_atanh.o e_cosh.o e_exp.o e_fmod.o \
e_gamma.o e_gamma_r.o e_hypot.o e_j0.o \
e_j1.o e_jn.o e_lgamma.o e_lgamma_r.o \
e_log.o e_log10.o e_pow.o e_rem_pio2.o e_remainder.o \
e_scalb.o e_sinh.o e_sqrt.o \
w_acos.o w_acosh.o w_asin.o w_atan2.o \
w_atanh.o w_cosh.o w_exp.o w_fmod.o \
w_gamma.o w_gamma_r.o w_hypot.o w_j0.o \
w_j1.o w_jn.o w_lgamma.o w_lgamma_r.o \
w_log.o w_log10.o w_pow.o w_remainder.o \
w_scalb.o w_sinh.o w_sqrt.o \
s_asinh.o s_atan.o s_cbrt.o s_ceil.o s_copysign.o \
s_cos.o s_erf.o s_expm1.o s_fabs.o s_finite.o s_floor.o \
s_frexp.o s_ilogb.o s_isnan.o s_ldexp.o s_lib_version.o \
s_log1p.o s_logb.o s_matherr.o s_modf.o s_nextafter.o \
s_rint.o s_scalbn.o s_signgam.o s_significand.o s_sin.o \
s_tan.o s_tanh.o
all: libm.a
libm.a : $(obj)
ar cru libm.a $(obj)
ranlib libm.a
source: $(src) README
clean:
/bin/rm -f $(obj) a.out libm.a

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*********************************
* Announcing FDLIBM Version 5.3 *
*********************************
============================================================
FDLIBM
============================================================
developed at Sun Microsystems, Inc.
What's new in FDLIBM 5.3?
CONFIGURE
To build FDLIBM, edit the supplied Makefile or create
a local Makefile by running "sh configure"
using the supplied configure script contributed by Nelson Beebe
BUGS FIXED
1. e_pow.c incorrect results when
x is very close to -1.0 and y is very large, e.g.
pow(-1.0000000000000002e+00,4.5035996273704970e+15) = 0
pow(-9.9999999999999978e-01,4.5035996273704970e+15) = 0
Correct results are close to -e and -1/e.
2. k_tan.c error was > 1 ulp target for FDLIBM
5.2: Worst error at least 1.45 ulp at
tan(1.7765241907548024E+269) = 1.7733884462610958E+16
5.3: Worst error 0.96 ulp
NOT FIXED YET
3. Compiler failure on non-standard code
Statements like
*(1+(int*)&t1) = 0;
are not standard C and cause some optimizing compilers (e.g. GCC)
to generate bad code under optimization. These cases
are to be addressed in the next release.
FDLIBM (Freely Distributable LIBM) is a C math library
for machines that support IEEE 754 floating-point arithmetic.
In this release, only double precision is supported.
FDLIBM is intended to provide a reasonably portable (see
assumptions below), reference quality (below one ulp for
major functions like sin,cos,exp,log) math library
(libm.a). For a copy of FDLIBM, please see
http://www.netlib.org/fdlibm/
or
http://www.validlab.com/software/
--------------
1. ASSUMPTIONS
--------------
FDLIBM (double precision version) assumes:
a. IEEE 754 style (if not precise compliance) arithmetic;
b. 32 bit 2's complement integer arithmetic;
c. Each double precision floating-point number must be in IEEE 754
double format, and that each number can be retrieved as two 32-bit
integers through the using of pointer bashing as in the example
below:
Example: let y = 2.0
double fp number y: 2.0
IEEE double format: 0x4000000000000000
Referencing y as two integers:
*(int*)&y,*(1+(int*)&y) = {0x40000000,0x0} (on sparc)
{0x0,0x40000000} (on 386)
Note: Four macros are defined in fdlibm.h to handle this kind of
retrieving:
__HI(x) the high part of a double x
(sign,exponent,the first 21 significant bits)
__LO(x) the least 32 significant bits of x
__HIp(x) same as __HI except that the argument is a pointer
to a double
__LOp(x) same as __LO except that the argument is a pointer
to a double
To ensure obtaining correct ordering, one must define __LITTLE_ENDIAN
during compilation for little endian machine (like 386,486). The
default is big endian.
If the behavior of pointer bashing is undefined, one may hack on the
macro in fdlibm.h.
d. IEEE exceptions may trigger "signals" as is common in Unix
implementations.
-------------------
2. EXCEPTION CASES
-------------------
All exception cases in the FDLIBM functions will be mapped
to one of the following four exceptions:
+-huge*huge, +-tiny*tiny, +-1.0/0.0, +-0.0/0.0
(overflow) (underflow) (divided-by-zero) (invalid)
For example, log(0) is a singularity and is thus mapped to
-1.0/0.0 = -infinity.
That is, FDLIBM's log will compute -one/zero and return the
computed value. On an IEEE machine, this will trigger the
divided-by-zero exception and a negative infinity is returned by
default.
Similarly, exp(-huge) will be mapped to tiny*tiny to generate
an underflow signal.
--------------------------------
3. STANDARD CONFORMANCE WRAPPER
--------------------------------
The default FDLIBM functions (compiled with -D_IEEE_LIBM flag)
are in "IEEE spirit" (i.e., return the most reasonable result in
floating-point arithmetic). If one wants FDLIBM to comply with
standards like SVID, X/OPEN, or POSIX/ANSI, then one can
create a multi-standard compliant FDLIBM. In this case, each
function in FDLIBM is actually a standard compliant wrapper
function.
File organization:
1. For FDLIBM's kernel (internal) function,
File name Entry point
---------------------------
k_sin.c __kernel_sin
k_tan.c __kernel_tan
---------------------------
2. For functions that have no standards conflict
File name Entry point
---------------------------
s_sin.c sin
s_erf.c erf
---------------------------
3. Ieee754 core functions
File name Entry point
---------------------------
e_exp.c __ieee754_exp
e_sinh.c __ieee754_sinh
---------------------------
4. Wrapper functions
File name Entry point
---------------------------
w_exp.c exp
w_sinh.c sinh
---------------------------
Wrapper functions will twist the result of the ieee754
function to comply to the standard specified by the value
of _LIB_VERSION
if _LIB_VERSION = _IEEE_, return the ieee754 result;
if _LIB_VERSION = _SVID_, return SVID result;
if _LIB_VERSION = _XOPEN_, return XOPEN result;
if _LIB_VERSION = _POSIX_, return POSIX/ANSI result.
(These are macros, see fdlibm.h for their definition.)
--------------------------------
4. HOW TO CREATE FDLIBM's libm.a
--------------------------------
There are two types of libm.a. One is IEEE only, and the other is
multi-standard compliant (supports IEEE,XOPEN,POSIX/ANSI,SVID).
To create the IEEE only libm.a, use
make "CFLAGS = -D_IEEE_LIBM"
This will create an IEEE libm.a, which is smaller in size, and
somewhat faster.
To create a multi-standard compliant libm, use
make "CFLAGS = -D_IEEE_MODE" --- multi-standard fdlibm: default
to IEEE
make "CFLAGS = -D_XOPEN_MODE" --- multi-standard fdlibm: default
to X/OPEN
make "CFLAGS = -D_POSIX_MODE" --- multi-standard fdlibm: default
to POSIX/ANSI
make "CFLAGS = -D_SVID3_MODE" --- multi-standard fdlibm: default
to SVID
Here is how one makes a SVID compliant libm.
Make the library by
make "CFLAGS = -D_SVID3_MODE".
The libm.a of FDLIBM will be multi-standard compliant and
_LIB_VERSION is initialized to the value _SVID_ .
example1:
---------
main()
{
double y0();
printf("y0(1e300) = %1.20e\n",y0(1e300));
exit(0);
}
% cc example1.c libm.a
% a.out
y0: TLOSS error
y0(1e300) = 0.00000000000000000000e+00
It is possible to change the default standard in multi-standard
fdlibm. Here is an example of how to do it:
example2:
---------
#include "fdlibm.h" /* must include FDLIBM's fdlibm.h */
main()
{
double y0();
_LIB_VERSION = _IEEE_;
printf("IEEE: y0(1e300) = %1.20e\n",y0(1e300));
_LIB_VERSION = _XOPEN_;
printf("XOPEN y0(1e300) = %1.20e\n",y0(1e300));
_LIB_VERSION = _POSIX_;
printf("POSIX y0(1e300) = %1.20e\n",y0(1e300));
_LIB_VERSION = _SVID_;
printf("SVID y0(1e300) = %1.20e\n",y0(1e300));
exit(0);
}
% cc example2.c libm.a
% a.out
IEEE: y0(1e300) = -1.36813604503424810557e-151
XOPEN y0(1e300) = 0.00000000000000000000e+00
POSIX y0(1e300) = 0.00000000000000000000e+00
y0: TLOSS error
SVID y0(1e300) = 0.00000000000000000000e+00
Note: Here _LIB_VERSION is a global variable. If global variables
are forbidden, then one should modify fdlibm.h to change
_LIB_VERSION to be a global constant. In this case, one
may not change the value of _LIB_VERSION as in example2.
---------------------------
5. NOTES ON PORTING FDLIBM
---------------------------
Care must be taken when installing FDLIBM over existing
libm.a.
All co-existing function prototypes must agree, otherwise
users will encounter mysterious failures.
So far, the only known likely conflict is the declaration
of the IEEE recommended function scalb:
double scalb(double,double) (1) SVID3 defined
double scalb(double,int) (2) IBM,DEC,...
FDLIBM follows Sun definition and use (1) as default.
If one's existing libm.a uses (2), then one may raise
the flags _SCALB_INT during the compilation of FDLIBM
to get the correct function prototype.
(E.g., make "CFLAGS = -D_IEEE_LIBM -D_SCALB_INT".)
NOTE that if -D_SCALB_INT is raised, it won't be SVID3
conformant.
--------------
6. PROBLEMS ?
--------------
Please send comments and bug reports to the electronic mail address
suggested by:
fdlibm-comments AT sun.com

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/* @(#)s_asinh.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* asinh(x)
* Method :
* Based on
* asinh(x) = sign(x) * log [ |x| + sqrt(x*x+1) ]
* we have
* asinh(x) := x if 1+x*x=1,
* := sign(x)*(log(x)+ln2)) for large |x|, else
* := sign(x)*log(2|x|+1/(|x|+sqrt(x*x+1))) if|x|>2, else
* := sign(x)*log1p(|x| + x^2/(1 + sqrt(1+x^2)))
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
one = 1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000 */
ln2 = 6.93147180559945286227e-01, /* 0x3FE62E42, 0xFEFA39EF */
huge= 1.00000000000000000000e+300;
#ifdef __STDC__
double asinh(double x)
#else
double asinh(x)
double x;
#endif
{
double t,w;
int hx,ix;
hx = __HI(x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) return x+x; /* x is inf or NaN */
if(ix< 0x3e300000) { /* |x|<2**-28 */
if(huge+x>one) return x; /* return x inexact except 0 */
}
if(ix>0x41b00000) { /* |x| > 2**28 */
w = __ieee754_log(fabs(x))+ln2;
} else if (ix>0x40000000) { /* 2**28 > |x| > 2.0 */
t = fabs(x);
w = __ieee754_log(2.0*t+one/(sqrt(x*x+one)+t));
} else { /* 2.0 > |x| > 2**-28 */
t = x*x;
w =log1p(fabs(x)+t/(one+sqrt(one+t)));
}
if(hx>0) return w; else return -w;
}

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/* @(#)s_atan.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
*/
/* atan(x)
* Method
* 1. Reduce x to positive by atan(x) = -atan(-x).
* 2. According to the integer k=4t+0.25 chopped, t=x, the argument
* is further reduced to one of the following intervals and the
* arctangent of t is evaluated by the corresponding formula:
*
* [0,7/16] atan(x) = t-t^3*(a1+t^2*(a2+...(a10+t^2*a11)...)
* [7/16,11/16] atan(x) = atan(1/2) + atan( (t-0.5)/(1+t/2) )
* [11/16.19/16] atan(x) = atan( 1 ) + atan( (t-1)/(1+t) )
* [19/16,39/16] atan(x) = atan(3/2) + atan( (t-1.5)/(1+1.5t) )
* [39/16,INF] atan(x) = atan(INF) + atan( -1/t )
*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following
* constants. The decimal values may be used, provided that the
* compiler will convert from decimal to binary accurately enough
* to produce the hexadecimal values shown.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double atanhi[] = {
#else
static double atanhi[] = {
#endif
4.63647609000806093515e-01, /* atan(0.5)hi 0x3FDDAC67, 0x0561BB4F */
7.85398163397448278999e-01, /* atan(1.0)hi 0x3FE921FB, 0x54442D18 */
9.82793723247329054082e-01, /* atan(1.5)hi 0x3FEF730B, 0xD281F69B */
1.57079632679489655800e+00, /* atan(inf)hi 0x3FF921FB, 0x54442D18 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double atanlo[] = {
#else
static double atanlo[] = {
#endif
2.26987774529616870924e-17, /* atan(0.5)lo 0x3C7A2B7F, 0x222F65E2 */
3.06161699786838301793e-17, /* atan(1.0)lo 0x3C81A626, 0x33145C07 */
1.39033110312309984516e-17, /* atan(1.5)lo 0x3C700788, 0x7AF0CBBD */
6.12323399573676603587e-17, /* atan(inf)lo 0x3C91A626, 0x33145C07 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double aT[] = {
#else
static double aT[] = {
#endif
3.33333333333329318027e-01, /* 0x3FD55555, 0x5555550D */
-1.99999999998764832476e-01, /* 0xBFC99999, 0x9998EBC4 */
1.42857142725034663711e-01, /* 0x3FC24924, 0x920083FF */
-1.11111104054623557880e-01, /* 0xBFBC71C6, 0xFE231671 */
9.09088713343650656196e-02, /* 0x3FB745CD, 0xC54C206E */
-7.69187620504482999495e-02, /* 0xBFB3B0F2, 0xAF749A6D */
6.66107313738753120669e-02, /* 0x3FB10D66, 0xA0D03D51 */
-5.83357013379057348645e-02, /* 0xBFADDE2D, 0x52DEFD9A */
4.97687799461593236017e-02, /* 0x3FA97B4B, 0x24760DEB */
-3.65315727442169155270e-02, /* 0xBFA2B444, 0x2C6A6C2F */
1.62858201153657823623e-02, /* 0x3F90AD3A, 0xE322DA11 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
one = 1.0,
huge = 1.0e300;
#ifdef __STDC__
double atan(double x)
#else
double atan(x)
double x;
#endif
{
double w,s1,s2,z;
int ix,hx,id;
hx = __HI(x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x44100000) { /* if |x| >= 2^66 */
if(ix>0x7ff00000||
(ix==0x7ff00000&&(__LO(x)!=0)))
return x+x; /* NaN */
if(hx>0) return atanhi[3]+atanlo[3];
else return -atanhi[3]-atanlo[3];
} if (ix < 0x3fdc0000) { /* |x| < 0.4375 */
if (ix < 0x3e200000) { /* |x| < 2^-29 */
if(huge+x>one) return x; /* raise inexact */
}
id = -1;
} else {
x = fabs(x);
if (ix < 0x3ff30000) { /* |x| < 1.1875 */
if (ix < 0x3fe60000) { /* 7/16 <=|x|<11/16 */
id = 0; x = (2.0*x-one)/(2.0+x);
} else { /* 11/16<=|x|< 19/16 */
id = 1; x = (x-one)/(x+one);
}
} else {
if (ix < 0x40038000) { /* |x| < 2.4375 */
id = 2; x = (x-1.5)/(one+1.5*x);
} else { /* 2.4375 <= |x| < 2^66 */
id = 3; x = -1.0/x;
}
}}
/* end of argument reduction */
z = x*x;
w = z*z;
/* break sum from i=0 to 10 aT[i]z**(i+1) into odd and even poly */
s1 = z*(aT[0]+w*(aT[2]+w*(aT[4]+w*(aT[6]+w*(aT[8]+w*aT[10])))));
s2 = w*(aT[1]+w*(aT[3]+w*(aT[5]+w*(aT[7]+w*aT[9]))));
if (id<0) return x - x*(s1+s2);
else {
z = atanhi[id] - ((x*(s1+s2) - atanlo[id]) - x);
return (hx<0)? -z:z;
}
}

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/* @(#)s_cbrt.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
/* cbrt(x)
* Return cube root of x
*/
#ifdef __STDC__
static const unsigned
#else
static unsigned
#endif
B1 = 715094163, /* B1 = (682-0.03306235651)*2**20 */
B2 = 696219795; /* B2 = (664-0.03306235651)*2**20 */
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
C = 5.42857142857142815906e-01, /* 19/35 = 0x3FE15F15, 0xF15F15F1 */
D = -7.05306122448979611050e-01, /* -864/1225 = 0xBFE691DE, 0x2532C834 */
E = 1.41428571428571436819e+00, /* 99/70 = 0x3FF6A0EA, 0x0EA0EA0F */
F = 1.60714285714285720630e+00, /* 45/28 = 0x3FF9B6DB, 0x6DB6DB6E */
G = 3.57142857142857150787e-01; /* 5/14 = 0x3FD6DB6D, 0xB6DB6DB7 */
#ifdef __STDC__
double cbrt(double x)
#else
double cbrt(x)
double x;
#endif
{
int hx;
double r,s,t=0.0,w;
unsigned sign;
hx = __HI(x); /* high word of x */
sign=hx&0x80000000; /* sign= sign(x) */
hx ^=sign;
if(hx>=0x7ff00000) return(x+x); /* cbrt(NaN,INF) is itself */
if((hx|__LO(x))==0)
return(x); /* cbrt(0) is itself */
__HI(x) = hx; /* x <- |x| */
/* rough cbrt to 5 bits */
if(hx<0x00100000) /* subnormal number */
{__HI(t)=0x43500000; /* set t= 2**54 */
t*=x; __HI(t)=__HI(t)/3+B2;
}
else
__HI(t)=hx/3+B1;
/* new cbrt to 23 bits, may be implemented in single precision */
r=t*t/x;
s=C+r*t;
t*=G+F/(s+E+D/s);
/* chopped to 20 bits and make it larger than cbrt(x) */
__LO(t)=0; __HI(t)+=0x00000001;
/* one step newton iteration to 53 bits with error less than 0.667 ulps */
s=t*t; /* t*t is exact */
r=x/s;
w=t+t;
r=(r-t)/(w+r); /* r-s is exact */
t=t+t*r;
/* retore the sign bit */
__HI(t) |= sign;
return(t);
}

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/* @(#)s_ceil.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* ceil(x)
* Return x rounded toward -inf to integral value
* Method:
* Bit twiddling.
* Exception:
* Inexact flag raised if x not equal to ceil(x).
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double huge = 1.0e300;
#else
static double huge = 1.0e300;
#endif
#ifdef __STDC__
double ceil(double x)
#else
double ceil(x)
double x;
#endif
{
int i0,i1,j0;
unsigned i,j;
i0 = __HI(x);
i1 = __LO(x);
j0 = ((i0>>20)&0x7ff)-0x3ff;
if(j0<20) {
if(j0<0) { /* raise inexact if x != 0 */
if(huge+x>0.0) {/* return 0*sign(x) if |x|<1 */
if(i0<0) {i0=0x80000000;i1=0;}
else if((i0|i1)!=0) { i0=0x3ff00000;i1=0;}
}
} else {
i = (0x000fffff)>>j0;
if(((i0&i)|i1)==0) return x; /* x is integral */
if(huge+x>0.0) { /* raise inexact flag */
if(i0>0) i0 += (0x00100000)>>j0;
i0 &= (~i); i1=0;
}
}
} else if (j0>51) {
if(j0==0x400) return x+x; /* inf or NaN */
else return x; /* x is integral */
} else {
i = ((unsigned)(0xffffffff))>>(j0-20);
if((i1&i)==0) return x; /* x is integral */
if(huge+x>0.0) { /* raise inexact flag */
if(i0>0) {
if(j0==20) i0+=1;
else {
j = i1 + (1<<(52-j0));
if(j<i1) i0+=1; /* got a carry */
i1 = j;
}
}
i1 &= (~i);
}
}
__HI(x) = i0;
__LO(x) = i1;
return x;
}

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/* @(#)s_copysign.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* copysign(double x, double y)
* copysign(x,y) returns a value with the magnitude of x and
* with the sign bit of y.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double copysign(double x, double y)
#else
double copysign(x,y)
double x,y;
#endif
{
__HI(x) = (__HI(x)&0x7fffffff)|(__HI(y)&0x80000000);
return x;
}

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/* @(#)s_cos.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* cos(x)
* Return cosine function of x.
*
* kernel function:
* __kernel_sin ... sine function on [-pi/4,pi/4]
* __kernel_cos ... cosine function on [-pi/4,pi/4]
* __ieee754_rem_pio2 ... argument reduction routine
*
* Method.
* Let S,C and T denote the sin, cos and tan respectively on
* [-PI/4, +PI/4]. Reduce the argument x to y1+y2 = x-k*pi/2
* in [-pi/4 , +pi/4], and let n = k mod 4.
* We have
*
* n sin(x) cos(x) tan(x)
* ----------------------------------------------------------
* 0 S C T
* 1 C -S -1/T
* 2 -S -C T
* 3 -C S -1/T
* ----------------------------------------------------------
*
* Special cases:
* Let trig be any of sin, cos, or tan.
* trig(+-INF) is NaN, with signals;
* trig(NaN) is that NaN;
*
* Accuracy:
* TRIG(x) returns trig(x) nearly rounded
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double cos(double x)
#else
double cos(x)
double x;
#endif
{
double y[2],z=0.0;
int n, ix;
/* High word of x. */
ix = __HI(x);
/* |x| ~< pi/4 */
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
if(ix <= 0x3fe921fb) return __kernel_cos(x,z);
/* cos(Inf or NaN) is NaN */
else if (ix>=0x7ff00000) return x-x;
/* argument reduction needed */
else {
n = __ieee754_rem_pio2(x,y);
switch(n&3) {
case 0: return __kernel_cos(y[0],y[1]);
case 1: return -__kernel_sin(y[0],y[1],1);
case 2: return -__kernel_cos(y[0],y[1]);
default:
return __kernel_sin(y[0],y[1],1);
}
}
}

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/* @(#)s_erf.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* double erf(double x)
* double erfc(double x)
* x
* 2 |\
* erf(x) = --------- | exp(-t*t)dt
* sqrt(pi) \|
* 0
*
* erfc(x) = 1-erf(x)
* Note that
* erf(-x) = -erf(x)
* erfc(-x) = 2 - erfc(x)
*
* Method:
* 1. For |x| in [0, 0.84375]
* erf(x) = x + x*R(x^2)
* erfc(x) = 1 - erf(x) if x in [-.84375,0.25]
* = 0.5 + ((0.5-x)-x*R) if x in [0.25,0.84375]
* where R = P/Q where P is an odd poly of degree 8 and
* Q is an odd poly of degree 10.
* -57.90
* | R - (erf(x)-x)/x | <= 2
*
*
* Remark. The formula is derived by noting
* erf(x) = (2/sqrt(pi))*(x - x^3/3 + x^5/10 - x^7/42 + ....)
* and that
* 2/sqrt(pi) = 1.128379167095512573896158903121545171688
* is close to one. The interval is chosen because the fix
* point of erf(x) is near 0.6174 (i.e., erf(x)=x when x is
* near 0.6174), and by some experiment, 0.84375 is chosen to
* guarantee the error is less than one ulp for erf.
*
* 2. For |x| in [0.84375,1.25], let s = |x| - 1, and
* c = 0.84506291151 rounded to single (24 bits)
* erf(x) = sign(x) * (c + P1(s)/Q1(s))
* erfc(x) = (1-c) - P1(s)/Q1(s) if x > 0
* 1+(c+P1(s)/Q1(s)) if x < 0
* |P1/Q1 - (erf(|x|)-c)| <= 2**-59.06
* Remark: here we use the taylor series expansion at x=1.
* erf(1+s) = erf(1) + s*Poly(s)
* = 0.845.. + P1(s)/Q1(s)
* That is, we use rational approximation to approximate
* erf(1+s) - (c = (single)0.84506291151)
* Note that |P1/Q1|< 0.078 for x in [0.84375,1.25]
* where
* P1(s) = degree 6 poly in s
* Q1(s) = degree 6 poly in s
*
* 3. For x in [1.25,1/0.35(~2.857143)],
* erfc(x) = (1/x)*exp(-x*x-0.5625+R1/S1)
* erf(x) = 1 - erfc(x)
* where
* R1(z) = degree 7 poly in z, (z=1/x^2)
* S1(z) = degree 8 poly in z
*
* 4. For x in [1/0.35,28]
* erfc(x) = (1/x)*exp(-x*x-0.5625+R2/S2) if x > 0
* = 2.0 - (1/x)*exp(-x*x-0.5625+R2/S2) if -6<x<0
* = 2.0 - tiny (if x <= -6)
* erf(x) = sign(x)*(1.0 - erfc(x)) if x < 6, else
* erf(x) = sign(x)*(1.0 - tiny)
* where
* R2(z) = degree 6 poly in z, (z=1/x^2)
* S2(z) = degree 7 poly in z
*
* Note1:
* To compute exp(-x*x-0.5625+R/S), let s be a single
* precision number and s := x; then
* -x*x = -s*s + (s-x)*(s+x)
* exp(-x*x-0.5626+R/S) =
* exp(-s*s-0.5625)*exp((s-x)*(s+x)+R/S);
* Note2:
* Here 4 and 5 make use of the asymptotic series
* exp(-x*x)
* erfc(x) ~ ---------- * ( 1 + Poly(1/x^2) )
* x*sqrt(pi)
* We use rational approximation to approximate
* g(s)=f(1/x^2) = log(erfc(x)*x) - x*x + 0.5625
* Here is the error bound for R1/S1 and R2/S2
* |R1/S1 - f(x)| < 2**(-62.57)
* |R2/S2 - f(x)| < 2**(-61.52)
*
* 5. For inf > x >= 28
* erf(x) = sign(x) *(1 - tiny) (raise inexact)
* erfc(x) = tiny*tiny (raise underflow) if x > 0
* = 2 - tiny if x<0
*
* 7. Special case:
* erf(0) = 0, erf(inf) = 1, erf(-inf) = -1,
* erfc(0) = 1, erfc(inf) = 0, erfc(-inf) = 2,
* erfc/erf(NaN) is NaN
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
tiny = 1e-300,
half= 5.00000000000000000000e-01, /* 0x3FE00000, 0x00000000 */
one = 1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000 */
two = 2.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x40000000, 0x00000000 */
/* c = (float)0.84506291151 */
erx = 8.45062911510467529297e-01, /* 0x3FEB0AC1, 0x60000000 */
/*
* Coefficients for approximation to erf on [0,0.84375]
*/
efx = 1.28379167095512586316e-01, /* 0x3FC06EBA, 0x8214DB69 */
efx8= 1.02703333676410069053e+00, /* 0x3FF06EBA, 0x8214DB69 */
pp0 = 1.28379167095512558561e-01, /* 0x3FC06EBA, 0x8214DB68 */
pp1 = -3.25042107247001499370e-01, /* 0xBFD4CD7D, 0x691CB913 */
pp2 = -2.84817495755985104766e-02, /* 0xBF9D2A51, 0xDBD7194F */
pp3 = -5.77027029648944159157e-03, /* 0xBF77A291, 0x236668E4 */
pp4 = -2.37630166566501626084e-05, /* 0xBEF8EAD6, 0x120016AC */
qq1 = 3.97917223959155352819e-01, /* 0x3FD97779, 0xCDDADC09 */
qq2 = 6.50222499887672944485e-02, /* 0x3FB0A54C, 0x5536CEBA */
qq3 = 5.08130628187576562776e-03, /* 0x3F74D022, 0xC4D36B0F */
qq4 = 1.32494738004321644526e-04, /* 0x3F215DC9, 0x221C1A10 */
qq5 = -3.96022827877536812320e-06, /* 0xBED09C43, 0x42A26120 */
/*
* Coefficients for approximation to erf in [0.84375,1.25]
*/
pa0 = -2.36211856075265944077e-03, /* 0xBF6359B8, 0xBEF77538 */
pa1 = 4.14856118683748331666e-01, /* 0x3FDA8D00, 0xAD92B34D */
pa2 = -3.72207876035701323847e-01, /* 0xBFD7D240, 0xFBB8C3F1 */
pa3 = 3.18346619901161753674e-01, /* 0x3FD45FCA, 0x805120E4 */
pa4 = -1.10894694282396677476e-01, /* 0xBFBC6398, 0x3D3E28EC */
pa5 = 3.54783043256182359371e-02, /* 0x3FA22A36, 0x599795EB */
pa6 = -2.16637559486879084300e-03, /* 0xBF61BF38, 0x0A96073F */
qa1 = 1.06420880400844228286e-01, /* 0x3FBB3E66, 0x18EEE323 */
qa2 = 5.40397917702171048937e-01, /* 0x3FE14AF0, 0x92EB6F33 */
qa3 = 7.18286544141962662868e-02, /* 0x3FB2635C, 0xD99FE9A7 */
qa4 = 1.26171219808761642112e-01, /* 0x3FC02660, 0xE763351F */
qa5 = 1.36370839120290507362e-02, /* 0x3F8BEDC2, 0x6B51DD1C */
qa6 = 1.19844998467991074170e-02, /* 0x3F888B54, 0x5735151D */
/*
* Coefficients for approximation to erfc in [1.25,1/0.35]
*/
ra0 = -9.86494403484714822705e-03, /* 0xBF843412, 0x600D6435 */
ra1 = -6.93858572707181764372e-01, /* 0xBFE63416, 0xE4BA7360 */
ra2 = -1.05586262253232909814e+01, /* 0xC0251E04, 0x41B0E726 */
ra3 = -6.23753324503260060396e+01, /* 0xC04F300A, 0xE4CBA38D */
ra4 = -1.62396669462573470355e+02, /* 0xC0644CB1, 0x84282266 */
ra5 = -1.84605092906711035994e+02, /* 0xC067135C, 0xEBCCABB2 */
ra6 = -8.12874355063065934246e+01, /* 0xC0545265, 0x57E4D2F2 */
ra7 = -9.81432934416914548592e+00, /* 0xC023A0EF, 0xC69AC25C */
sa1 = 1.96512716674392571292e+01, /* 0x4033A6B9, 0xBD707687 */
sa2 = 1.37657754143519042600e+02, /* 0x4061350C, 0x526AE721 */
sa3 = 4.34565877475229228821e+02, /* 0x407B290D, 0xD58A1A71 */
sa4 = 6.45387271733267880336e+02, /* 0x40842B19, 0x21EC2868 */
sa5 = 4.29008140027567833386e+02, /* 0x407AD021, 0x57700314 */
sa6 = 1.08635005541779435134e+02, /* 0x405B28A3, 0xEE48AE2C */
sa7 = 6.57024977031928170135e+00, /* 0x401A47EF, 0x8E484A93 */
sa8 = -6.04244152148580987438e-02, /* 0xBFAEEFF2, 0xEE749A62 */
/*
* Coefficients for approximation to erfc in [1/.35,28]
*/
rb0 = -9.86494292470009928597e-03, /* 0xBF843412, 0x39E86F4A */
rb1 = -7.99283237680523006574e-01, /* 0xBFE993BA, 0x70C285DE */
rb2 = -1.77579549177547519889e+01, /* 0xC031C209, 0x555F995A */
rb3 = -1.60636384855821916062e+02, /* 0xC064145D, 0x43C5ED98 */
rb4 = -6.37566443368389627722e+02, /* 0xC083EC88, 0x1375F228 */
rb5 = -1.02509513161107724954e+03, /* 0xC0900461, 0x6A2E5992 */
rb6 = -4.83519191608651397019e+02, /* 0xC07E384E, 0x9BDC383F */
sb1 = 3.03380607434824582924e+01, /* 0x403E568B, 0x261D5190 */
sb2 = 3.25792512996573918826e+02, /* 0x40745CAE, 0x221B9F0A */
sb3 = 1.53672958608443695994e+03, /* 0x409802EB, 0x189D5118 */
sb4 = 3.19985821950859553908e+03, /* 0x40A8FFB7, 0x688C246A */
sb5 = 2.55305040643316442583e+03, /* 0x40A3F219, 0xCEDF3BE6 */
sb6 = 4.74528541206955367215e+02, /* 0x407DA874, 0xE79FE763 */
sb7 = -2.24409524465858183362e+01; /* 0xC03670E2, 0x42712D62 */
#ifdef __STDC__
double erf(double x)
#else
double erf(x)
double x;
#endif
{
int hx,ix,i;
double R,S,P,Q,s,y,z,r;
hx = __HI(x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) { /* erf(nan)=nan */
i = ((unsigned)hx>>31)<<1;
return (double)(1-i)+one/x; /* erf(+-inf)=+-1 */
}
if(ix < 0x3feb0000) { /* |x|<0.84375 */
if(ix < 0x3e300000) { /* |x|<2**-28 */
if (ix < 0x00800000)
return 0.125*(8.0*x+efx8*x); /*avoid underflow */
return x + efx*x;
}
z = x*x;
r = pp0+z*(pp1+z*(pp2+z*(pp3+z*pp4)));
s = one+z*(qq1+z*(qq2+z*(qq3+z*(qq4+z*qq5))));
y = r/s;
return x + x*y;
}
if(ix < 0x3ff40000) { /* 0.84375 <= |x| < 1.25 */
s = fabs(x)-one;
P = pa0+s*(pa1+s*(pa2+s*(pa3+s*(pa4+s*(pa5+s*pa6)))));
Q = one+s*(qa1+s*(qa2+s*(qa3+s*(qa4+s*(qa5+s*qa6)))));
if(hx>=0) return erx + P/Q; else return -erx - P/Q;
}
if (ix >= 0x40180000) { /* inf>|x|>=6 */
if(hx>=0) return one-tiny; else return tiny-one;
}
x = fabs(x);
s = one/(x*x);
if(ix< 0x4006DB6E) { /* |x| < 1/0.35 */
R=ra0+s*(ra1+s*(ra2+s*(ra3+s*(ra4+s*(
ra5+s*(ra6+s*ra7))))));
S=one+s*(sa1+s*(sa2+s*(sa3+s*(sa4+s*(
sa5+s*(sa6+s*(sa7+s*sa8)))))));
} else { /* |x| >= 1/0.35 */
R=rb0+s*(rb1+s*(rb2+s*(rb3+s*(rb4+s*(
rb5+s*rb6)))));
S=one+s*(sb1+s*(sb2+s*(sb3+s*(sb4+s*(
sb5+s*(sb6+s*sb7))))));
}
z = x;
__LO(z) = 0;
r = __ieee754_exp(-z*z-0.5625)*__ieee754_exp((z-x)*(z+x)+R/S);
if(hx>=0) return one-r/x; else return r/x-one;
}
#ifdef __STDC__
double erfc(double x)
#else
double erfc(x)
double x;
#endif
{
int hx,ix;
double R,S,P,Q,s,y,z,r;
hx = __HI(x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) { /* erfc(nan)=nan */
/* erfc(+-inf)=0,2 */
return (double)(((unsigned)hx>>31)<<1)+one/x;
}
if(ix < 0x3feb0000) { /* |x|<0.84375 */
if(ix < 0x3c700000) /* |x|<2**-56 */
return one-x;
z = x*x;
r = pp0+z*(pp1+z*(pp2+z*(pp3+z*pp4)));
s = one+z*(qq1+z*(qq2+z*(qq3+z*(qq4+z*qq5))));
y = r/s;
if(hx < 0x3fd00000) { /* x<1/4 */
return one-(x+x*y);
} else {
r = x*y;
r += (x-half);
return half - r ;
}
}
if(ix < 0x3ff40000) { /* 0.84375 <= |x| < 1.25 */
s = fabs(x)-one;
P = pa0+s*(pa1+s*(pa2+s*(pa3+s*(pa4+s*(pa5+s*pa6)))));
Q = one+s*(qa1+s*(qa2+s*(qa3+s*(qa4+s*(qa5+s*qa6)))));
if(hx>=0) {
z = one-erx; return z - P/Q;
} else {
z = erx+P/Q; return one+z;
}
}
if (ix < 0x403c0000) { /* |x|<28 */
x = fabs(x);
s = one/(x*x);
if(ix< 0x4006DB6D) { /* |x| < 1/.35 ~ 2.857143*/
R=ra0+s*(ra1+s*(ra2+s*(ra3+s*(ra4+s*(
ra5+s*(ra6+s*ra7))))));
S=one+s*(sa1+s*(sa2+s*(sa3+s*(sa4+s*(
sa5+s*(sa6+s*(sa7+s*sa8)))))));
} else { /* |x| >= 1/.35 ~ 2.857143 */
if(hx<0&&ix>=0x40180000) return two-tiny;/* x < -6 */
R=rb0+s*(rb1+s*(rb2+s*(rb3+s*(rb4+s*(
rb5+s*rb6)))));
S=one+s*(sb1+s*(sb2+s*(sb3+s*(sb4+s*(
sb5+s*(sb6+s*sb7))))));
}
z = x;
__LO(z) = 0;
r = __ieee754_exp(-z*z-0.5625)*
__ieee754_exp((z-x)*(z+x)+R/S);
if(hx>0) return r/x; else return two-r/x;
} else {
if(hx>0) return tiny*tiny; else return two-tiny;
}
}

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/* @(#)s_expm1.c 1.5 04/04/22 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 2004 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* expm1(x)
* Returns exp(x)-1, the exponential of x minus 1.
*
* Method
* 1. Argument reduction:
* Given x, find r and integer k such that
*
* x = k*ln2 + r, |r| <= 0.5*ln2 ~ 0.34658
*
* Here a correction term c will be computed to compensate
* the error in r when rounded to a floating-point number.
*
* 2. Approximating expm1(r) by a special rational function on
* the interval [0,0.34658]:
* Since
* r*(exp(r)+1)/(exp(r)-1) = 2+ r^2/6 - r^4/360 + ...
* we define R1(r*r) by
* r*(exp(r)+1)/(exp(r)-1) = 2+ r^2/6 * R1(r*r)
* That is,
* R1(r**2) = 6/r *((exp(r)+1)/(exp(r)-1) - 2/r)
* = 6/r * ( 1 + 2.0*(1/(exp(r)-1) - 1/r))
* = 1 - r^2/60 + r^4/2520 - r^6/100800 + ...
* We use a special Remes algorithm on [0,0.347] to generate
* a polynomial of degree 5 in r*r to approximate R1. The
* maximum error of this polynomial approximation is bounded
* by 2**-61. In other words,
* R1(z) ~ 1.0 + Q1*z + Q2*z**2 + Q3*z**3 + Q4*z**4 + Q5*z**5
* where Q1 = -1.6666666666666567384E-2,
* Q2 = 3.9682539681370365873E-4,
* Q3 = -9.9206344733435987357E-6,
* Q4 = 2.5051361420808517002E-7,
* Q5 = -6.2843505682382617102E-9;
* (where z=r*r, and the values of Q1 to Q5 are listed below)
* with error bounded by
* | 5 | -61
* | 1.0+Q1*z+...+Q5*z - R1(z) | <= 2
* | |
*
* expm1(r) = exp(r)-1 is then computed by the following
* specific way which minimize the accumulation rounding error:
* 2 3
* r r [ 3 - (R1 + R1*r/2) ]
* expm1(r) = r + --- + --- * [--------------------]
* 2 2 [ 6 - r*(3 - R1*r/2) ]
*
* To compensate the error in the argument reduction, we use
* expm1(r+c) = expm1(r) + c + expm1(r)*c
* ~ expm1(r) + c + r*c
* Thus c+r*c will be added in as the correction terms for
* expm1(r+c). Now rearrange the term to avoid optimization
* screw up:
* ( 2 2 )
* ({ ( r [ R1 - (3 - R1*r/2) ] ) } r )
* expm1(r+c)~r - ({r*(--- * [--------------------]-c)-c} - --- )
* ({ ( 2 [ 6 - r*(3 - R1*r/2) ] ) } 2 )
* ( )
*
* = r - E
* 3. Scale back to obtain expm1(x):
* From step 1, we have
* expm1(x) = either 2^k*[expm1(r)+1] - 1
* = or 2^k*[expm1(r) + (1-2^-k)]
* 4. Implementation notes:
* (A). To save one multiplication, we scale the coefficient Qi
* to Qi*2^i, and replace z by (x^2)/2.
* (B). To achieve maximum accuracy, we compute expm1(x) by
* (i) if x < -56*ln2, return -1.0, (raise inexact if x!=inf)
* (ii) if k=0, return r-E
* (iii) if k=-1, return 0.5*(r-E)-0.5
* (iv) if k=1 if r < -0.25, return 2*((r+0.5)- E)
* else return 1.0+2.0*(r-E);
* (v) if (k<-2||k>56) return 2^k(1-(E-r)) - 1 (or exp(x)-1)
* (vi) if k <= 20, return 2^k((1-2^-k)-(E-r)), else
* (vii) return 2^k(1-((E+2^-k)-r))
*
* Special cases:
* expm1(INF) is INF, expm1(NaN) is NaN;
* expm1(-INF) is -1, and
* for finite argument, only expm1(0)=0 is exact.
*
* Accuracy:
* according to an error analysis, the error is always less than
* 1 ulp (unit in the last place).
*
* Misc. info.
* For IEEE double
* if x > 7.09782712893383973096e+02 then expm1(x) overflow
*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following
* constants. The decimal values may be used, provided that the
* compiler will convert from decimal to binary accurately enough
* to produce the hexadecimal values shown.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
one = 1.0,
huge = 1.0e+300,
tiny = 1.0e-300,
o_threshold = 7.09782712893383973096e+02,/* 0x40862E42, 0xFEFA39EF */
ln2_hi = 6.93147180369123816490e-01,/* 0x3fe62e42, 0xfee00000 */
ln2_lo = 1.90821492927058770002e-10,/* 0x3dea39ef, 0x35793c76 */
invln2 = 1.44269504088896338700e+00,/* 0x3ff71547, 0x652b82fe */
/* scaled coefficients related to expm1 */
Q1 = -3.33333333333331316428e-02, /* BFA11111 111110F4 */
Q2 = 1.58730158725481460165e-03, /* 3F5A01A0 19FE5585 */
Q3 = -7.93650757867487942473e-05, /* BF14CE19 9EAADBB7 */
Q4 = 4.00821782732936239552e-06, /* 3ED0CFCA 86E65239 */
Q5 = -2.01099218183624371326e-07; /* BE8AFDB7 6E09C32D */
#ifdef __STDC__
double expm1(double x)
#else
double expm1(x)
double x;
#endif
{
double y,hi,lo,c,t,e,hxs,hfx,r1;
int k,xsb;
unsigned hx;
hx = __HI(x); /* high word of x */
xsb = hx&0x80000000; /* sign bit of x */
if(xsb==0) y=x; else y= -x; /* y = |x| */
hx &= 0x7fffffff; /* high word of |x| */
/* filter out huge and non-finite argument */
if(hx >= 0x4043687A) { /* if |x|>=56*ln2 */
if(hx >= 0x40862E42) { /* if |x|>=709.78... */
if(hx>=0x7ff00000) {
if(((hx&0xfffff)|__LO(x))!=0)
return x+x; /* NaN */
else return (xsb==0)? x:-1.0;/* exp(+-inf)={inf,-1} */
}
if(x > o_threshold) return huge*huge; /* overflow */
}
if(xsb!=0) { /* x < -56*ln2, return -1.0 with inexact */
if(x+tiny<0.0) /* raise inexact */
return tiny-one; /* return -1 */
}
}
/* argument reduction */
if(hx > 0x3fd62e42) { /* if |x| > 0.5 ln2 */
if(hx < 0x3FF0A2B2) { /* and |x| < 1.5 ln2 */
if(xsb==0)
{hi = x - ln2_hi; lo = ln2_lo; k = 1;}
else
{hi = x + ln2_hi; lo = -ln2_lo; k = -1;}
} else {
k = invln2*x+((xsb==0)?0.5:-0.5);
t = k;
hi = x - t*ln2_hi; /* t*ln2_hi is exact here */
lo = t*ln2_lo;
}
x = hi - lo;
c = (hi-x)-lo;
}
else if(hx < 0x3c900000) { /* when |x|<2**-54, return x */
t = huge+x; /* return x with inexact flags when x!=0 */
return x - (t-(huge+x));
}
else k = 0;
/* x is now in primary range */
hfx = 0.5*x;
hxs = x*hfx;
r1 = one+hxs*(Q1+hxs*(Q2+hxs*(Q3+hxs*(Q4+hxs*Q5))));
t = 3.0-r1*hfx;
e = hxs*((r1-t)/(6.0 - x*t));
if(k==0) return x - (x*e-hxs); /* c is 0 */
else {
e = (x*(e-c)-c);
e -= hxs;
if(k== -1) return 0.5*(x-e)-0.5;
if(k==1)
if(x < -0.25) return -2.0*(e-(x+0.5));
else return one+2.0*(x-e);
if (k <= -2 || k>56) { /* suffice to return exp(x)-1 */
y = one-(e-x);
__HI(y) += (k<<20); /* add k to y's exponent */
return y-one;
}
t = one;
if(k<20) {
__HI(t) = 0x3ff00000 - (0x200000>>k); /* t=1-2^-k */
y = t-(e-x);
__HI(y) += (k<<20); /* add k to y's exponent */
} else {
__HI(t) = ((0x3ff-k)<<20); /* 2^-k */
y = x-(e+t);
y += one;
__HI(y) += (k<<20); /* add k to y's exponent */
}
}
return y;
}

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/* @(#)s_fabs.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* fabs(x) returns the absolute value of x.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double fabs(double x)
#else
double fabs(x)
double x;
#endif
{
__HI(x) &= 0x7fffffff;
return x;
}

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/* @(#)s_finite.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* finite(x) returns 1 is x is finite, else 0;
* no branching!
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
int finite(double x)
#else
int finite(x)
double x;
#endif
{
int hx;
hx = __HI(x);
return (unsigned)((hx&0x7fffffff)-0x7ff00000)>>31;
}

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/* @(#)s_floor.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* floor(x)
* Return x rounded toward -inf to integral value
* Method:
* Bit twiddling.
* Exception:
* Inexact flag raised if x not equal to floor(x).
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double huge = 1.0e300;
#else
static double huge = 1.0e300;
#endif
#ifdef __STDC__
double floor(double x)
#else
double floor(x)
double x;
#endif
{
int i0,i1,j0;
unsigned i,j;
i0 = __HI(x);
i1 = __LO(x);
j0 = ((i0>>20)&0x7ff)-0x3ff;
if(j0<20) {
if(j0<0) { /* raise inexact if x != 0 */
if(huge+x>0.0) {/* return 0*sign(x) if |x|<1 */
if(i0>=0) {i0=i1=0;}
else if(((i0&0x7fffffff)|i1)!=0)
{ i0=0xbff00000;i1=0;}
}
} else {
i = (0x000fffff)>>j0;
if(((i0&i)|i1)==0) return x; /* x is integral */
if(huge+x>0.0) { /* raise inexact flag */
if(i0<0) i0 += (0x00100000)>>j0;
i0 &= (~i); i1=0;
}
}
} else if (j0>51) {
if(j0==0x400) return x+x; /* inf or NaN */
else return x; /* x is integral */
} else {
i = ((unsigned)(0xffffffff))>>(j0-20);
if((i1&i)==0) return x; /* x is integral */
if(huge+x>0.0) { /* raise inexact flag */
if(i0<0) {
if(j0==20) i0+=1;
else {
j = i1+(1<<(52-j0));
if(j<i1) i0 +=1 ; /* got a carry */
i1=j;
}
}
i1 &= (~i);
}
}
__HI(x) = i0;
__LO(x) = i1;
return x;
}

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/* @(#)s_frexp.c 1.4 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* for non-zero x
* x = frexp(arg,&exp);
* return a double fp quantity x such that 0.5 <= |x| <1.0
* and the corresponding binary exponent "exp". That is
* arg = x*2^exp.
* If arg is inf, 0.0, or NaN, then frexp(arg,&exp) returns arg
* with *exp=0.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
two54 = 1.80143985094819840000e+16; /* 0x43500000, 0x00000000 */
#ifdef __STDC__
double frexp(double x, int *eptr)
#else
double frexp(x, eptr)
double x; int *eptr;
#endif
{
int hx, ix, lx;
hx = __HI(x);
ix = 0x7fffffff&hx;
lx = __LO(x);
*eptr = 0;
if(ix>=0x7ff00000||((ix|lx)==0)) return x; /* 0,inf,nan */
if (ix<0x00100000) { /* subnormal */
x *= two54;
hx = __HI(x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
*eptr = -54;
}
*eptr += (ix>>20)-1022;
hx = (hx&0x800fffff)|0x3fe00000;
__HI(x) = hx;
return x;
}

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/* @(#)s_ilogb.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* ilogb(double x)
* return the binary exponent of non-zero x
* ilogb(0) = 0x80000001
* ilogb(inf/NaN) = 0x7fffffff (no signal is raised)
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
int ilogb(double x)
#else
int ilogb(x)
double x;
#endif
{
int hx,lx,ix;
hx = (__HI(x))&0x7fffffff; /* high word of x */
if(hx<0x00100000) {
lx = __LO(x);
if((hx|lx)==0)
return 0x80000001; /* ilogb(0) = 0x80000001 */
else /* subnormal x */
if(hx==0) {
for (ix = -1043; lx>0; lx<<=1) ix -=1;
} else {
for (ix = -1022,hx<<=11; hx>0; hx<<=1) ix -=1;
}
return ix;
}
else if (hx<0x7ff00000) return (hx>>20)-1023;
else return 0x7fffffff;
}

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/* @(#)s_isnan.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* isnan(x) returns 1 is x is nan, else 0;
* no branching!
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
int isnan(double x)
#else
int isnan(x)
double x;
#endif
{
int hx,lx;
hx = (__HI(x)&0x7fffffff);
lx = __LO(x);
hx |= (unsigned)(lx|(-lx))>>31;
hx = 0x7ff00000 - hx;
return ((unsigned)(hx))>>31;
}

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/* @(#)s_ldexp.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#include <errno.h>
#ifdef __STDC__
double ldexp(double value, int exp)
#else
double ldexp(value, exp)
double value; int exp;
#endif
{
if(!finite(value)||value==0.0) return value;
value = scalbn(value,exp);
if(!finite(value)||value==0.0) errno = ERANGE;
return value;
}

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/* @(#)s_lib_version.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* MACRO for standards
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
/*
* define and initialize _LIB_VERSION
*/
#ifdef _POSIX_MODE
_LIB_VERSION_TYPE _LIB_VERSION = _POSIX_;
#else
#ifdef _XOPEN_MODE
_LIB_VERSION_TYPE _LIB_VERSION = _XOPEN_;
#else
#ifdef _SVID3_MODE
_LIB_VERSION_TYPE _LIB_VERSION = _SVID_;
#else /* default _IEEE_MODE */
_LIB_VERSION_TYPE _LIB_VERSION = _IEEE_;
#endif
#endif
#endif

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/* @(#)s_log1p.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* double log1p(double x)
*
* Method :
* 1. Argument Reduction: find k and f such that
* 1+x = 2^k * (1+f),
* where sqrt(2)/2 < 1+f < sqrt(2) .
*
* Note. If k=0, then f=x is exact. However, if k!=0, then f
* may not be representable exactly. In that case, a correction
* term is need. Let u=1+x rounded. Let c = (1+x)-u, then
* log(1+x) - log(u) ~ c/u. Thus, we proceed to compute log(u),
* and add back the correction term c/u.
* (Note: when x > 2**53, one can simply return log(x))
*
* 2. Approximation of log1p(f).
* Let s = f/(2+f) ; based on log(1+f) = log(1+s) - log(1-s)
* = 2s + 2/3 s**3 + 2/5 s**5 + .....,
* = 2s + s*R
* We use a special Reme algorithm on [0,0.1716] to generate
* a polynomial of degree 14 to approximate R The maximum error
* of this polynomial approximation is bounded by 2**-58.45. In
* other words,
* 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
* R(z) ~ Lp1*s +Lp2*s +Lp3*s +Lp4*s +Lp5*s +Lp6*s +Lp7*s
* (the values of Lp1 to Lp7 are listed in the program)
* and
* | 2 14 | -58.45
* | Lp1*s +...+Lp7*s - R(z) | <= 2
* | |
* Note that 2s = f - s*f = f - hfsq + s*hfsq, where hfsq = f*f/2.
* In order to guarantee error in log below 1ulp, we compute log
* by
* log1p(f) = f - (hfsq - s*(hfsq+R)).
*
* 3. Finally, log1p(x) = k*ln2 + log1p(f).
* = k*ln2_hi+(f-(hfsq-(s*(hfsq+R)+k*ln2_lo)))
* Here ln2 is split into two floating point number:
* ln2_hi + ln2_lo,
* where n*ln2_hi is always exact for |n| < 2000.
*
* Special cases:
* log1p(x) is NaN with signal if x < -1 (including -INF) ;
* log1p(+INF) is +INF; log1p(-1) is -INF with signal;
* log1p(NaN) is that NaN with no signal.
*
* Accuracy:
* according to an error analysis, the error is always less than
* 1 ulp (unit in the last place).
*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following
* constants. The decimal values may be used, provided that the
* compiler will convert from decimal to binary accurately enough
* to produce the hexadecimal values shown.
*
* Note: Assuming log() return accurate answer, the following
* algorithm can be used to compute log1p(x) to within a few ULP:
*
* u = 1+x;
* if(u==1.0) return x ; else
* return log(u)*(x/(u-1.0));
*
* See HP-15C Advanced Functions Handbook, p.193.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
ln2_hi = 6.93147180369123816490e-01, /* 3fe62e42 fee00000 */
ln2_lo = 1.90821492927058770002e-10, /* 3dea39ef 35793c76 */
two54 = 1.80143985094819840000e+16, /* 43500000 00000000 */
Lp1 = 6.666666666666735130e-01, /* 3FE55555 55555593 */
Lp2 = 3.999999999940941908e-01, /* 3FD99999 9997FA04 */
Lp3 = 2.857142874366239149e-01, /* 3FD24924 94229359 */
Lp4 = 2.222219843214978396e-01, /* 3FCC71C5 1D8E78AF */
Lp5 = 1.818357216161805012e-01, /* 3FC74664 96CB03DE */
Lp6 = 1.531383769920937332e-01, /* 3FC39A09 D078C69F */
Lp7 = 1.479819860511658591e-01; /* 3FC2F112 DF3E5244 */
static double zero = 0.0;
#ifdef __STDC__
double log1p(double x)
#else
double log1p(x)
double x;
#endif
{
double hfsq,f,c,s,z,R,u;
int k,hx,hu,ax;
hx = __HI(x); /* high word of x */
ax = hx&0x7fffffff;
k = 1;
if (hx < 0x3FDA827A) { /* x < 0.41422 */
if(ax>=0x3ff00000) { /* x <= -1.0 */
if(x==-1.0) return -two54/zero; /* log1p(-1)=+inf */
else return (x-x)/(x-x); /* log1p(x<-1)=NaN */
}
if(ax<0x3e200000) { /* |x| < 2**-29 */
if(two54+x>zero /* raise inexact */
&&ax<0x3c900000) /* |x| < 2**-54 */
return x;
else
return x - x*x*0.5;
}
if(hx>0||hx<=((int)0xbfd2bec3)) {
k=0;f=x;hu=1;} /* -0.2929<x<0.41422 */
}
if (hx >= 0x7ff00000) return x+x;
if(k!=0) {
if(hx<0x43400000) {
u = 1.0+x;
hu = __HI(u); /* high word of u */
k = (hu>>20)-1023;
c = (k>0)? 1.0-(u-x):x-(u-1.0);/* correction term */
c /= u;
} else {
u = x;
hu = __HI(u); /* high word of u */
k = (hu>>20)-1023;
c = 0;
}
hu &= 0x000fffff;
if(hu<0x6a09e) {
__HI(u) = hu|0x3ff00000; /* normalize u */
} else {
k += 1;
__HI(u) = hu|0x3fe00000; /* normalize u/2 */
hu = (0x00100000-hu)>>2;
}
f = u-1.0;
}
hfsq=0.5*f*f;
if(hu==0) { /* |f| < 2**-20 */
if(f==zero) if(k==0) return zero;
else {c += k*ln2_lo; return k*ln2_hi+c;}
R = hfsq*(1.0-0.66666666666666666*f);
if(k==0) return f-R; else
return k*ln2_hi-((R-(k*ln2_lo+c))-f);
}
s = f/(2.0+f);
z = s*s;
R = z*(Lp1+z*(Lp2+z*(Lp3+z*(Lp4+z*(Lp5+z*(Lp6+z*Lp7))))));
if(k==0) return f-(hfsq-s*(hfsq+R)); else
return k*ln2_hi-((hfsq-(s*(hfsq+R)+(k*ln2_lo+c)))-f);
}

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/* @(#)s_logb.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* double logb(x)
* IEEE 754 logb. Included to pass IEEE test suite. Not recommend.
* Use ilogb instead.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double logb(double x)
#else
double logb(x)
double x;
#endif
{
int lx,ix;
ix = (__HI(x))&0x7fffffff; /* high |x| */
lx = __LO(x); /* low x */
if((ix|lx)==0) return -1.0/fabs(x);
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) return x*x;
if((ix>>=20)==0) /* IEEE 754 logb */
return -1022.0;
else
return (double) (ix-1023);
}

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/* @(#)s_matherr.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
int matherr(struct exception *x)
#else
int matherr(x)
struct exception *x;
#endif
{
int n=0;
if(x->arg1!=x->arg1) return 0;
return n;
}

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/* @(#)s_modf.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* modf(double x, double *iptr)
* return fraction part of x, and return x's integral part in *iptr.
* Method:
* Bit twiddling.
*
* Exception:
* No exception.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double one = 1.0;
#else
static double one = 1.0;
#endif
#ifdef __STDC__
double modf(double x, double *iptr)
#else
double modf(x, iptr)
double x,*iptr;
#endif
{
int i0,i1,j0;
unsigned i;
i0 = __HI(x); /* high x */
i1 = __LO(x); /* low x */
j0 = ((i0>>20)&0x7ff)-0x3ff; /* exponent of x */
if(j0<20) { /* integer part in high x */
if(j0<0) { /* |x|<1 */
__HIp(iptr) = i0&0x80000000;
__LOp(iptr) = 0; /* *iptr = +-0 */
return x;
} else {
i = (0x000fffff)>>j0;
if(((i0&i)|i1)==0) { /* x is integral */
*iptr = x;
__HI(x) &= 0x80000000;
__LO(x) = 0; /* return +-0 */
return x;
} else {
__HIp(iptr) = i0&(~i);
__LOp(iptr) = 0;
return x - *iptr;
}
}
} else if (j0>51) { /* no fraction part */
*iptr = x*one;
__HI(x) &= 0x80000000;
__LO(x) = 0; /* return +-0 */
return x;
} else { /* fraction part in low x */
i = ((unsigned)(0xffffffff))>>(j0-20);
if((i1&i)==0) { /* x is integral */
*iptr = x;
__HI(x) &= 0x80000000;
__LO(x) = 0; /* return +-0 */
return x;
} else {
__HIp(iptr) = i0;
__LOp(iptr) = i1&(~i);
return x - *iptr;
}
}
}

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/* @(#)s_nextafter.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* IEEE functions
* nextafter(x,y)
* return the next machine floating-point number of x in the
* direction toward y.
* Special cases:
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double nextafter(double x, double y)
#else
double nextafter(x,y)
double x,y;
#endif
{
int hx,hy,ix,iy;
unsigned lx,ly;
hx = __HI(x); /* high word of x */
lx = __LO(x); /* low word of x */
hy = __HI(y); /* high word of y */
ly = __LO(y); /* low word of y */
ix = hx&0x7fffffff; /* |x| */
iy = hy&0x7fffffff; /* |y| */
if(((ix>=0x7ff00000)&&((ix-0x7ff00000)|lx)!=0) || /* x is nan */
((iy>=0x7ff00000)&&((iy-0x7ff00000)|ly)!=0)) /* y is nan */
return x+y;
if(x==y) return x; /* x=y, return x */
if((ix|lx)==0) { /* x == 0 */
__HI(x) = hy&0x80000000; /* return +-minsubnormal */
__LO(x) = 1;
y = x*x;
if(y==x) return y; else return x; /* raise underflow flag */
}
if(hx>=0) { /* x > 0 */
if(hx>hy||((hx==hy)&&(lx>ly))) { /* x > y, x -= ulp */
if(lx==0) hx -= 1;
lx -= 1;
} else { /* x < y, x += ulp */
lx += 1;
if(lx==0) hx += 1;
}
} else { /* x < 0 */
if(hy>=0||hx>hy||((hx==hy)&&(lx>ly))){/* x < y, x -= ulp */
if(lx==0) hx -= 1;
lx -= 1;
} else { /* x > y, x += ulp */
lx += 1;
if(lx==0) hx += 1;
}
}
hy = hx&0x7ff00000;
if(hy>=0x7ff00000) return x+x; /* overflow */
if(hy<0x00100000) { /* underflow */
y = x*x;
if(y!=x) { /* raise underflow flag */
__HI(y) = hx; __LO(y) = lx;
return y;
}
}
__HI(x) = hx; __LO(x) = lx;
return x;
}

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/* @(#)s_rint.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* rint(x)
* Return x rounded to integral value according to the prevailing
* rounding mode.
* Method:
* Using floating addition.
* Exception:
* Inexact flag raised if x not equal to rint(x).
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
TWO52[2]={
4.50359962737049600000e+15, /* 0x43300000, 0x00000000 */
-4.50359962737049600000e+15, /* 0xC3300000, 0x00000000 */
};
#ifdef __STDC__
double rint(double x)
#else
double rint(x)
double x;
#endif
{
int i0,j0,sx;
unsigned i,i1;
double w,t;
i0 = __HI(x);
sx = (i0>>31)&1;
i1 = __LO(x);
j0 = ((i0>>20)&0x7ff)-0x3ff;
if(j0<20) {
if(j0<0) {
if(((i0&0x7fffffff)|i1)==0) return x;
i1 |= (i0&0x0fffff);
i0 &= 0xfffe0000;
i0 |= ((i1|-i1)>>12)&0x80000;
__HI(x)=i0;
w = TWO52[sx]+x;
t = w-TWO52[sx];
i0 = __HI(t);
__HI(t) = (i0&0x7fffffff)|(sx<<31);
return t;
} else {
i = (0x000fffff)>>j0;
if(((i0&i)|i1)==0) return x; /* x is integral */
i>>=1;
if(((i0&i)|i1)!=0) {
if(j0==19) i1 = 0x40000000; else
i0 = (i0&(~i))|((0x20000)>>j0);
}
}
} else if (j0>51) {
if(j0==0x400) return x+x; /* inf or NaN */
else return x; /* x is integral */
} else {
i = ((unsigned)(0xffffffff))>>(j0-20);
if((i1&i)==0) return x; /* x is integral */
i>>=1;
if((i1&i)!=0) i1 = (i1&(~i))|((0x40000000)>>(j0-20));
}
__HI(x) = i0;
__LO(x) = i1;
w = TWO52[sx]+x;
return w-TWO52[sx];
}

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/* @(#)s_scalbn.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* scalbn (double x, int n)
* scalbn(x,n) returns x* 2**n computed by exponent
* manipulation rather than by actually performing an
* exponentiation or a multiplication.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
two54 = 1.80143985094819840000e+16, /* 0x43500000, 0x00000000 */
twom54 = 5.55111512312578270212e-17, /* 0x3C900000, 0x00000000 */
huge = 1.0e+300,
tiny = 1.0e-300;
#ifdef __STDC__
double scalbn (double x, int n)
#else
double scalbn (x,n)
double x; int n;
#endif
{
int k,hx,lx;
hx = __HI(x);
lx = __LO(x);
k = (hx&0x7ff00000)>>20; /* extract exponent */
if (k==0) { /* 0 or subnormal x */
if ((lx|(hx&0x7fffffff))==0) return x; /* +-0 */
x *= two54;
hx = __HI(x);
k = ((hx&0x7ff00000)>>20) - 54;
if (n< -50000) return tiny*x; /*underflow*/
}
if (k==0x7ff) return x+x; /* NaN or Inf */
k = k+n;
if (k > 0x7fe) return huge*copysign(huge,x); /* overflow */
if (k > 0) /* normal result */
{__HI(x) = (hx&0x800fffff)|(k<<20); return x;}
if (k <= -54)
if (n > 50000) /* in case integer overflow in n+k */
return huge*copysign(huge,x); /*overflow*/
else return tiny*copysign(tiny,x); /*underflow*/
k += 54; /* subnormal result */
__HI(x) = (hx&0x800fffff)|(k<<20);
return x*twom54;
}

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#include "fdlibm.h"
int signgam = 0;

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/* @(#)s_significand.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* significand(x) computes just
* scalb(x, (double) -ilogb(x)),
* for exercising the fraction-part(F) IEEE 754-1985 test vector.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double significand(double x)
#else
double significand(x)
double x;
#endif
{
return __ieee754_scalb(x,(double) -ilogb(x));
}

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/* @(#)s_sin.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* sin(x)
* Return sine function of x.
*
* kernel function:
* __kernel_sin ... sine function on [-pi/4,pi/4]
* __kernel_cos ... cose function on [-pi/4,pi/4]
* __ieee754_rem_pio2 ... argument reduction routine
*
* Method.
* Let S,C and T denote the sin, cos and tan respectively on
* [-PI/4, +PI/4]. Reduce the argument x to y1+y2 = x-k*pi/2
* in [-pi/4 , +pi/4], and let n = k mod 4.
* We have
*
* n sin(x) cos(x) tan(x)
* ----------------------------------------------------------
* 0 S C T
* 1 C -S -1/T
* 2 -S -C T
* 3 -C S -1/T
* ----------------------------------------------------------
*
* Special cases:
* Let trig be any of sin, cos, or tan.
* trig(+-INF) is NaN, with signals;
* trig(NaN) is that NaN;
*
* Accuracy:
* TRIG(x) returns trig(x) nearly rounded
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double sin(double x)
#else
double sin(x)
double x;
#endif
{
double y[2],z=0.0;
int n, ix;
/* High word of x. */
ix = __HI(x);
/* |x| ~< pi/4 */
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
if(ix <= 0x3fe921fb) return __kernel_sin(x,z,0);
/* sin(Inf or NaN) is NaN */
else if (ix>=0x7ff00000) return x-x;
/* argument reduction needed */
else {
n = __ieee754_rem_pio2(x,y);
switch(n&3) {
case 0: return __kernel_sin(y[0],y[1],1);
case 1: return __kernel_cos(y[0],y[1]);
case 2: return -__kernel_sin(y[0],y[1],1);
default:
return -__kernel_cos(y[0],y[1]);
}
}
}

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/* @(#)s_tan.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* tan(x)
* Return tangent function of x.
*
* kernel function:
* __kernel_tan ... tangent function on [-pi/4,pi/4]
* __ieee754_rem_pio2 ... argument reduction routine
*
* Method.
* Let S,C and T denote the sin, cos and tan respectively on
* [-PI/4, +PI/4]. Reduce the argument x to y1+y2 = x-k*pi/2
* in [-pi/4 , +pi/4], and let n = k mod 4.
* We have
*
* n sin(x) cos(x) tan(x)
* ----------------------------------------------------------
* 0 S C T
* 1 C -S -1/T
* 2 -S -C T
* 3 -C S -1/T
* ----------------------------------------------------------
*
* Special cases:
* Let trig be any of sin, cos, or tan.
* trig(+-INF) is NaN, with signals;
* trig(NaN) is that NaN;
*
* Accuracy:
* TRIG(x) returns trig(x) nearly rounded
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double tan(double x)
#else
double tan(x)
double x;
#endif
{
double y[2],z=0.0;
int n, ix;
/* High word of x. */
ix = __HI(x);
/* |x| ~< pi/4 */
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
if(ix <= 0x3fe921fb) return __kernel_tan(x,z,1);
/* tan(Inf or NaN) is NaN */
else if (ix>=0x7ff00000) return x-x; /* NaN */
/* argument reduction needed */
else {
n = __ieee754_rem_pio2(x,y);
return __kernel_tan(y[0],y[1],1-((n&1)<<1)); /* 1 -- n even
-1 -- n odd */
}
}

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/* @(#)s_tanh.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* Tanh(x)
* Return the Hyperbolic Tangent of x
*
* Method :
* x -x
* e - e
* 0. tanh(x) is defined to be -----------
* x -x
* e + e
* 1. reduce x to non-negative by tanh(-x) = -tanh(x).
* 2. 0 <= x <= 2**-55 : tanh(x) := x*(one+x)
* -t
* 2**-55 < x <= 1 : tanh(x) := -----; t = expm1(-2x)
* t + 2
* 2
* 1 <= x <= 22.0 : tanh(x) := 1- ----- ; t=expm1(2x)
* t + 2
* 22.0 < x <= INF : tanh(x) := 1.
*
* Special cases:
* tanh(NaN) is NaN;
* only tanh(0)=0 is exact for finite argument.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double one=1.0, two=2.0, tiny = 1.0e-300;
#else
static double one=1.0, two=2.0, tiny = 1.0e-300;
#endif
#ifdef __STDC__
double tanh(double x)
#else
double tanh(x)
double x;
#endif
{
double t,z;
int jx,ix;
/* High word of |x|. */
jx = __HI(x);
ix = jx&0x7fffffff;
/* x is INF or NaN */
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) {
if (jx>=0) return one/x+one; /* tanh(+-inf)=+-1 */
else return one/x-one; /* tanh(NaN) = NaN */
}
/* |x| < 22 */
if (ix < 0x40360000) { /* |x|<22 */
if (ix<0x3c800000) /* |x|<2**-55 */
return x*(one+x); /* tanh(small) = small */
if (ix>=0x3ff00000) { /* |x|>=1 */
t = expm1(two*fabs(x));
z = one - two/(t+two);
} else {
t = expm1(-two*fabs(x));
z= -t/(t+two);
}
/* |x| > 22, return +-1 */
} else {
z = one - tiny; /* raised inexact flag */
}
return (jx>=0)? z: -z;
}

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/* @(#)w_acos.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* wrap_acos(x)
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double acos(double x) /* wrapper acos */
#else
double acos(x) /* wrapper acos */
double x;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_acos(x);
#else
double z;
z = __ieee754_acos(x);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_ || isnan(x)) return z;
if(fabs(x)>1.0) {
return __kernel_standard(x,x,1); /* acos(|x|>1) */
} else
return z;
#endif
}

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/* @(#)w_acosh.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
*/
/*
* wrapper acosh(x)
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double acosh(double x) /* wrapper acosh */
#else
double acosh(x) /* wrapper acosh */
double x;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_acosh(x);
#else
double z;
z = __ieee754_acosh(x);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_ || isnan(x)) return z;
if(x<1.0) {
return __kernel_standard(x,x,29); /* acosh(x<1) */
} else
return z;
#endif
}

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/* @(#)w_asin.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
*/
/*
* wrapper asin(x)
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double asin(double x) /* wrapper asin */
#else
double asin(x) /* wrapper asin */
double x;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_asin(x);
#else
double z;
z = __ieee754_asin(x);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_ || isnan(x)) return z;
if(fabs(x)>1.0) {
return __kernel_standard(x,x,2); /* asin(|x|>1) */
} else
return z;
#endif
}

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/* @(#)w_atan2.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
*/
/*
* wrapper atan2(y,x)
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double atan2(double y, double x) /* wrapper atan2 */
#else
double atan2(y,x) /* wrapper atan2 */
double y,x;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_atan2(y,x);
#else
double z;
z = __ieee754_atan2(y,x);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_||isnan(x)||isnan(y)) return z;
if(x==0.0&&y==0.0) {
return __kernel_standard(y,x,3); /* atan2(+-0,+-0) */
} else
return z;
#endif
}

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/* @(#)w_atanh.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* wrapper atanh(x)
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double atanh(double x) /* wrapper atanh */
#else
double atanh(x) /* wrapper atanh */
double x;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_atanh(x);
#else
double z,y;
z = __ieee754_atanh(x);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_ || isnan(x)) return z;
y = fabs(x);
if(y>=1.0) {
if(y>1.0)
return __kernel_standard(x,x,30); /* atanh(|x|>1) */
else
return __kernel_standard(x,x,31); /* atanh(|x|==1) */
} else
return z;
#endif
}

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/* @(#)w_cosh.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* wrapper cosh(x)
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double cosh(double x) /* wrapper cosh */
#else
double cosh(x) /* wrapper cosh */
double x;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_cosh(x);
#else
double z;
z = __ieee754_cosh(x);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_ || isnan(x)) return z;
if(fabs(x)>7.10475860073943863426e+02) {
return __kernel_standard(x,x,5); /* cosh overflow */
} else
return z;
#endif
}

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/* @(#)w_exp.c 1.4 04/04/22 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 2004 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* wrapper exp(x)
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
o_threshold= 7.09782712893383973096e+02, /* 0x40862E42, 0xFEFA39EF */
u_threshold= -7.45133219101941108420e+02; /* 0xc0874910, 0xD52D3051 */
#ifdef __STDC__
double exp(double x) /* wrapper exp */
#else
double exp(x) /* wrapper exp */
double x;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_exp(x);
#else
double z;
z = __ieee754_exp(x);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_) return z;
if(finite(x)) {
if(x>o_threshold)
return __kernel_standard(x,x,6); /* exp overflow */
else if(x<u_threshold)
return __kernel_standard(x,x,7); /* exp underflow */
}
return z;
#endif
}

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/* @(#)w_fmod.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* wrapper fmod(x,y)
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double fmod(double x, double y) /* wrapper fmod */
#else
double fmod(x,y) /* wrapper fmod */
double x,y;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_fmod(x,y);
#else
double z;
z = __ieee754_fmod(x,y);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_ ||isnan(y)||isnan(x)) return z;
if(y==0.0) {
return __kernel_standard(x,y,27); /* fmod(x,0) */
} else
return z;
#endif
}

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/* @(#)w_gamma.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
*/
/* double gamma(double x)
* Return the logarithm of the Gamma function of x.
*
* Method: call gamma_r
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
extern int signgam;
#ifdef __STDC__
double gamma(double x)
#else
double gamma(x)
double x;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_gamma_r(x,&signgam);
#else
double y;
y = __ieee754_gamma_r(x,&signgam);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_) return y;
if(!finite(y)&&finite(x)) {
if(floor(x)==x&&x<=0.0)
return __kernel_standard(x,x,41); /* gamma pole */
else
return __kernel_standard(x,x,40); /* gamma overflow */
} else
return y;
#endif
}

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/* @(#)w_gamma_r.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* wrapper double gamma_r(double x, int *signgamp)
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double gamma_r(double x, int *signgamp) /* wrapper lgamma_r */
#else
double gamma_r(x,signgamp) /* wrapper lgamma_r */
double x; int *signgamp;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_gamma_r(x,signgamp);
#else
double y;
y = __ieee754_gamma_r(x,signgamp);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_) return y;
if(!finite(y)&&finite(x)) {
if(floor(x)==x&&x<=0.0)
return __kernel_standard(x,x,41); /* gamma pole */
else
return __kernel_standard(x,x,40); /* gamma overflow */
} else
return y;
#endif
}

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/* @(#)w_hypot.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* wrapper hypot(x,y)
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double hypot(double x, double y)/* wrapper hypot */
#else
double hypot(x,y) /* wrapper hypot */
double x,y;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_hypot(x,y);
#else
double z;
z = __ieee754_hypot(x,y);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_) return z;
if((!finite(z))&&finite(x)&&finite(y))
return __kernel_standard(x,y,4); /* hypot overflow */
else
return z;
#endif
}

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/* @(#)w_j0.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* wrapper j0(double x), y0(double x)
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double j0(double x) /* wrapper j0 */
#else
double j0(x) /* wrapper j0 */
double x;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_j0(x);
#else
double z = __ieee754_j0(x);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_ || isnan(x)) return z;
if(fabs(x)>X_TLOSS) {
return __kernel_standard(x,x,34); /* j0(|x|>X_TLOSS) */
} else
return z;
#endif
}
#ifdef __STDC__
double y0(double x) /* wrapper y0 */
#else
double y0(x) /* wrapper y0 */
double x;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_y0(x);
#else
double z;
z = __ieee754_y0(x);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_ || isnan(x) ) return z;
if(x <= 0.0){
if(x==0.0)
/* d= -one/(x-x); */
return __kernel_standard(x,x,8);
else
/* d = zero/(x-x); */
return __kernel_standard(x,x,9);
}
if(x>X_TLOSS) {
return __kernel_standard(x,x,35); /* y0(x>X_TLOSS) */
} else
return z;
#endif
}

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/* @(#)w_j1.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* wrapper of j1,y1
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double j1(double x) /* wrapper j1 */
#else
double j1(x) /* wrapper j1 */
double x;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_j1(x);
#else
double z;
z = __ieee754_j1(x);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_ || isnan(x) ) return z;
if(fabs(x)>X_TLOSS) {
return __kernel_standard(x,x,36); /* j1(|x|>X_TLOSS) */
} else
return z;
#endif
}
#ifdef __STDC__
double y1(double x) /* wrapper y1 */
#else
double y1(x) /* wrapper y1 */
double x;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_y1(x);
#else
double z;
z = __ieee754_y1(x);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_ || isnan(x) ) return z;
if(x <= 0.0){
if(x==0.0)
/* d= -one/(x-x); */
return __kernel_standard(x,x,10);
else
/* d = zero/(x-x); */
return __kernel_standard(x,x,11);
}
if(x>X_TLOSS) {
return __kernel_standard(x,x,37); /* y1(x>X_TLOSS) */
} else
return z;
#endif
}

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/* @(#)w_jn.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* wrapper jn(int n, double x), yn(int n, double x)
* floating point Bessel's function of the 1st and 2nd kind
* of order n
*
* Special cases:
* y0(0)=y1(0)=yn(n,0) = -inf with division by zero signal;
* y0(-ve)=y1(-ve)=yn(n,-ve) are NaN with invalid signal.
* Note 2. About jn(n,x), yn(n,x)
* For n=0, j0(x) is called,
* for n=1, j1(x) is called,
* for n<x, forward recursion us used starting
* from values of j0(x) and j1(x).
* for n>x, a continued fraction approximation to
* j(n,x)/j(n-1,x) is evaluated and then backward
* recursion is used starting from a supposed value
* for j(n,x). The resulting value of j(0,x) is
* compared with the actual value to correct the
* supposed value of j(n,x).
*
* yn(n,x) is similar in all respects, except
* that forward recursion is used for all
* values of n>1.
*
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double jn(int n, double x) /* wrapper jn */
#else
double jn(n,x) /* wrapper jn */
double x; int n;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_jn(n,x);
#else
double z;
z = __ieee754_jn(n,x);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_ || isnan(x) ) return z;
if(fabs(x)>X_TLOSS) {
return __kernel_standard((double)n,x,38); /* jn(|x|>X_TLOSS,n) */
} else
return z;
#endif
}
#ifdef __STDC__
double yn(int n, double x) /* wrapper yn */
#else
double yn(n,x) /* wrapper yn */
double x; int n;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_yn(n,x);
#else
double z;
z = __ieee754_yn(n,x);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_ || isnan(x) ) return z;
if(x <= 0.0){
if(x==0.0)
/* d= -one/(x-x); */
return __kernel_standard((double)n,x,12);
else
/* d = zero/(x-x); */
return __kernel_standard((double)n,x,13);
}
if(x>X_TLOSS) {
return __kernel_standard((double)n,x,39); /* yn(x>X_TLOSS,n) */
} else
return z;
#endif
}

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/* @(#)w_lgamma.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
*/
/* double lgamma(double x)
* Return the logarithm of the Gamma function of x.
*
* Method: call __ieee754_lgamma_r
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
extern int signgam;
#ifdef __STDC__
double lgamma(double x)
#else
double lgamma(x)
double x;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_lgamma_r(x,&signgam);
#else
double y;
y = __ieee754_lgamma_r(x,&signgam);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_) return y;
if(!finite(y)&&finite(x)) {
if(floor(x)==x&&x<=0.0)
return __kernel_standard(x,x,15); /* lgamma pole */
else
return __kernel_standard(x,x,14); /* lgamma overflow */
} else
return y;
#endif
}

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/* @(#)w_lgamma_r.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* wrapper double lgamma_r(double x, int *signgamp)
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double lgamma_r(double x, int *signgamp) /* wrapper lgamma_r */
#else
double lgamma_r(x,signgamp) /* wrapper lgamma_r */
double x; int *signgamp;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_lgamma_r(x,signgamp);
#else
double y;
y = __ieee754_lgamma_r(x,signgamp);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_) return y;
if(!finite(y)&&finite(x)) {
if(floor(x)==x&&x<=0.0)
return __kernel_standard(x,x,15); /* lgamma pole */
else
return __kernel_standard(x,x,14); /* lgamma overflow */
} else
return y;
#endif
}

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/* @(#)w_log.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* wrapper log(x)
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double log(double x) /* wrapper log */
#else
double log(x) /* wrapper log */
double x;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_log(x);
#else
double z;
z = __ieee754_log(x);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_ || isnan(x) || x > 0.0) return z;
if(x==0.0)
return __kernel_standard(x,x,16); /* log(0) */
else
return __kernel_standard(x,x,17); /* log(x<0) */
#endif
}

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/* @(#)w_log10.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* wrapper log10(X)
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double log10(double x) /* wrapper log10 */
#else
double log10(x) /* wrapper log10 */
double x;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_log10(x);
#else
double z;
z = __ieee754_log10(x);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_ || isnan(x)) return z;
if(x<=0.0) {
if(x==0.0)
return __kernel_standard(x,x,18); /* log10(0) */
else
return __kernel_standard(x,x,19); /* log10(x<0) */
} else
return z;
#endif
}

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/* @(#)w_pow.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* wrapper pow(x,y) return x**y
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double pow(double x, double y) /* wrapper pow */
#else
double pow(x,y) /* wrapper pow */
double x,y;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_pow(x,y);
#else
double z;
z=__ieee754_pow(x,y);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_|| isnan(y)) return z;
if(isnan(x)) {
if(y==0.0)
return __kernel_standard(x,y,42); /* pow(NaN,0.0) */
else
return z;
}
if(x==0.0){
if(y==0.0)
return __kernel_standard(x,y,20); /* pow(0.0,0.0) */
if(finite(y)&&y<0.0)
return __kernel_standard(x,y,23); /* pow(0.0,negative) */
return z;
}
if(!finite(z)) {
if(finite(x)&&finite(y)) {
if(isnan(z))
return __kernel_standard(x,y,24); /* pow neg**non-int */
else
return __kernel_standard(x,y,21); /* pow overflow */
}
}
if(z==0.0&&finite(x)&&finite(y))
return __kernel_standard(x,y,22); /* pow underflow */
return z;
#endif
}

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/* @(#)w_remainder.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* wrapper remainder(x,p)
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double remainder(double x, double y) /* wrapper remainder */
#else
double remainder(x,y) /* wrapper remainder */
double x,y;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_remainder(x,y);
#else
double z;
z = __ieee754_remainder(x,y);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_ || isnan(y)) return z;
if(y==0.0)
return __kernel_standard(x,y,28); /* remainder(x,0) */
else
return z;
#endif
}

56
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/* @(#)w_scalb.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* wrapper scalb(double x, double fn) is provide for
* passing various standard test suite. One
* should use scalbn() instead.
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#include <errno.h>
#ifdef __STDC__
#ifdef _SCALB_INT
double scalb(double x, int fn) /* wrapper scalb */
#else
double scalb(double x, double fn) /* wrapper scalb */
#endif
#else
double scalb(x,fn) /* wrapper scalb */
#ifdef _SCALB_INT
double x; int fn;
#else
double x,fn;
#endif
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_scalb(x,fn);
#else
double z;
z = __ieee754_scalb(x,fn);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_) return z;
if(!(finite(z)||isnan(z))&&finite(x)) {
return __kernel_standard(x,(double)fn,32); /* scalb overflow */
}
if(z==0.0&&z!=x) {
return __kernel_standard(x,(double)fn,33); /* scalb underflow */
}
#ifndef _SCALB_INT
if(!finite(fn)) errno = ERANGE;
#endif
return z;
#endif
}

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/* @(#)w_sinh.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* wrapper sinh(x)
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double sinh(double x) /* wrapper sinh */
#else
double sinh(x) /* wrapper sinh */
double x;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_sinh(x);
#else
double z;
z = __ieee754_sinh(x);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_) return z;
if(!finite(z)&&finite(x)) {
return __kernel_standard(x,x,25); /* sinh overflow */
} else
return z;
#endif
}

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/* @(#)w_sqrt.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* wrapper sqrt(x)
*/
#include "fdlibm.h"
#ifdef __STDC__
double sqrt(double x) /* wrapper sqrt */
#else
double sqrt(x) /* wrapper sqrt */
double x;
#endif
{
#ifdef _IEEE_LIBM
return __ieee754_sqrt(x);
#else
double z;
z = __ieee754_sqrt(x);
if(_LIB_VERSION == _IEEE_ || isnan(x)) return z;
if(x<0.0) {
return __kernel_standard(x,x,26); /* sqrt(negative) */
} else
return z;
#endif
}